Chechnya Conflicts

Next, in Chechnya, following along the same lines of political conflicts as Xinjiang, just with a dose of economic and cultural for good measure, the revolution was brought about by the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. After the fall of the USSR and Russia losing its status as a world superpower, Chechnya tried to abandon ship, so to speak. They failed in securing their sovereignty, and in attempting it, caused both

Chechens, who had lived as members of the Soviet Union, were also relocated during World War II. Prior to the formation of the Soviet Union, Chechens had been under Russian rule for two centuries. The North Caucasus came under tsarist rule in the early nineteenth century but fighting between tribes and the Russian army had occurred for much of that time as the tsar attempted to assert his dominance over the region. In 1865, there was a rebellion against the tsarist regime in response to forced resettlement to Turkey. After the October Revolution, Chechnya declared independence from Russia, but were forcibly absorbed into the newly formed Soviet Union after intervention by the Red Army. In 1934, Chechnya joined Ingushetiya to form the

he rise in foreign fighters over the past twenty-five years is a result of an amalgamation of issues relating to globalisation. The breakdown of nations following world war two and the nationalist conflicts that have circulated, culminated in a collapse of the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union continued nationalist and ideological struggles into new territories. Afghan veterans joined movements in Bosnia and Saudi Arabian fighters moved into Chechnya, mobilising to defend what they saw as nationalist or ideological struggles. These struggles have resulted in a commonality across a wider spectrum due to chronic financial volatility and a widening economic divide across the globe where groups feeling left behind faced deepening economic

From 1785 to present day Chechnya and Russia have had conflicts. Starting in 1785, Russia only cared for the Caucasus region for its use as a communication track to Georgia. Russian allies Cossacks started settling in the Caucasus Mountains and that region began expanding. After they signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, they collected Georgia as a territory. They manufactured a road and military forts for security of the passageway. The Russians began to feel endangered because Sheikh Mansur started preaching an uncommon style of Islam. They tried to capture Mansur but failed. Since they failed they ended up burning the village where he lived.

Hadji Murat, Tolstoy's second book with the Caucasus as its setting can be considered a work of historical fiction that is a beautiful tale of resistance, and a window into not only the Caucasian War of the mid-nineteenth century, but also the culture of the Russian Empire during this period. As a work of fiction the reader must be wary of depictions of actual persons such as Tsar Nicholas I, whom Tolstoy was not enamored with, to say the least, but many insights about the period and its people can be gleaned from the story. The novel is one of great contrasts between Chechens and Russians and also of what life was like during this time.

As the war in Chechnya wound down after Russian forces withdrew — they left formally in 2009 — violence has spilled into neighboring republics such as Dagestan, where the Tsarnaev family once found shelter and where the brothers’ parents now live. That conflict is increasingly marked by radical Islamic terrorism in an often vicious cycle of attack and reprisal between insurgents and Russian security forces. Tamerlan visited Dagestan last year, according to an official with knowledge of his

The Russo-Chechen conflict, which lasted from 1991 to 2009, is one of the most traumatising events across the post-Soviet space. The conflict “had already begun before the collapse of the Soviet Union” (Rezvani 871) and “led to large-scale violent warfare in 1994 and, after a truce, again in 1999” (Rezvani 871). Unlike political or social aspects of the conflict (Politkovskaya, Gall and de Waal), fictional literature about it remains widely understudied. Meanwhile, due to authoritarian regimes both in Russia and Chechnya (International Crisis Group), which exercise censorship and violate human rights, studies of literature can give insights not only into the literary landscape of the post-conflict Russia and Chechnya, but also into the socio-political

While the Chechen’s were exiled Russian colonists had inhabited their lands making the region unstable. Then after the collapse of the Soviet Union the region stayed under the control of Russia. During the Chechen wars that followed in 1996 and 1999 Russia tried regain full control the region but inevitably failed. Having the knowledge of the highlands gave them an edge over the Russians. They were also trained in guerilla style fighting the Chechen’s benefitted making them successful in these wars. The Russian eventually backed off and allow them to have some an autonomous government.

1). The Caucasus is a complex region and because of its complexity many people do not bother spending the time to learn about it. Before reading this book, I did not know much about the region other than the names of the countries that were in this area. We learn world history in schools but the Caucasus is never a part of it and it makes me wonder why it isn’t. I have taken european and asian history but neither of these included a chapter or even a page on the Caucasus.

Now for the leaders of these two cultures. The Russians were under the control of Nicholas I and the Chechens were under their Imam, Shamil. These two leaders spoke different languages and practiced different religions, one was a Muslim the other an Orthodox Christian, that is almost where their

If you look back through history, there has been war in Afghanistan since as early as the conquest of Afghanistan in the time of Alexander the Great 330 BC ("Afghanistan and Alexander the Great,"; "Alexander The Great," 1969), and looking back there has been many wars in this area ("Afghanistan," 1969). Afghanistan through history has been an area of war and conflict, due to its strategic geographical position as it lay between the Middle East, South and Central Asia – with a population of around 31 Million, and has on its borders Pakistan (south/east) Iran (west), Asian states Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (north) and China (northeast). And due Afghanistan being surrounded by such differing cultures, this meant its society was also made up of many different ethnic groups and cultures, and this mix of cultures created a lot of internal struggle between the different factions within the population of Afghanistan. Another important influence on this conflict was the external support from the neighbouring countries supporting those factions aligned with their own cultures and beliefs.

University did not articulate any references to Azeri nationalism in their slogans. Obviously, the Azeri community is more likely to play a role in determining the future direction of Iran’s political evolution than in igniting an ethnically-based separatist movement. Having proven its centuries-long loyalty to the Iranian state and territorial integrity, Azeris are also likely to work within the current political system to address their grievances. Although the emergence of the independent Republic of Azerbaijan has been a source of Azeri ethnic pride, it has not generated popular support from the Iranian Azeri community to join Azerbaijan. While many Azeris admit to maintaining cultural bonds with their brethren in the Republic of Azerbaijan, such ties do not translate into aspirations to separate from a state in which they already exercise tremendous influence, with many of them occupying high-level government positions.

At the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasia Democratic Federative Republic. Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan are much closed to this day, and a permanent solution to the conflict has not been reached despite the mediation provided by organizations such as the OSCE. Armenia is a member of more than 40 international organizations, including the United Nations; the Council of Europe; the Asian Development Bank; the Commonwealth of Independent States; the World Trade Organization; World Customs Organization; the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation; and La Francophonie. Conversely, Armenia received a large influx of Armenian refugees from

1992 was an odd year; the Soviet Union had just collapsed and states in Eastern Europe were still deciding what they should do. One of these nations, Moldova, which broke away from the Soviet Union in 1989 had declared autonomy and sought to create a new state, free of Russian influence. This gave rise to Russian separatists in the eastern part of the country(Englund “Fears”) who waged a small civil war in order to gain their independence. This war lead to the creation of Transnistria, which has maintained autonomy since the war’s end in 1993(Englund “Fears”). This autonomy is largely the result of the ceasefire implemented by Russia itself, which involves over 1,200 Russian soldiers to be stationed in Transnistria; this has been a major point of political tension in the region, even causing

The recent attempt by the Russian Army to suppress Chechen separatism is a dramatic reminder that the Russian Federation itself is full of ethnic groups that bitterly reject Moscow's right to rule them.