Check Bsl Case Studies

The movement of protons would no longer be controlled by the carrier protein embedded within the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Normally, the ATP synthase is able to use the potential energy contained in the protons passing through it to produce ATP, but as was explained in the previous question, protons would no longer be passing through the synthase. Uncontrolled movement of this kind would mean any energy release would be uncontrolled as well, and therefore

Why do we treat diabetes? There are a number of downstream events associated with abnormal blood glucose levels. If glucose levels are managed properly, the complications associated diabetes can be controlled, and sometimes completely prevented. The main problem with having more than the normal amount of glucose circulating in the blood stream is the effect that excess glucose can have on both large and small blood vessels (DTC, 2004). Micro-vascular and macro-vascular problems associated with diabetes can be seen in the heart, eyes, kidney, legs and feet. Diabetic patients are twice as likely to suffer from a mycocardial infaraction, twenty-five times more likely to suffer blindness, and seventeen times more likely to suffer kidney failure compared to a non-diabetic (DTC, 2004). Because of great number of risks associated with abnormal blood glucose levels, diabetes is aggressively treated to improve the quality of life and prevent complications in patients.

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

They include: heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth. In regards to the heart and blood vessels, there are approximately 65% of death that is caused by diabetes due to major complication of heart disease and stroke. In the peripheral artery diseases diabetes also plays a major role in the cause of poor blood flow in the legs and feet. Many studies show that controlling diabetes can prevent or stop the progression of heart and blood vessel disease. Blood vessel damage or nerve damage may also lead to foot problems that can lead to amputations. More than 60% of leg and foot amputations not related to an injury are due to diabetes. Another complication of diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. There has been a number of eye problems that if not addressed can lead to eye blindness which include: glaucoma,cataracts and diabetic retinopathy. Ninety percent of diabetic-related blindness as study shown could be prevented if there would be regular eye exams and timely treatment of diabetes-related eye problems. Furthermore, kidney failure is also one leading cause of further complication that resulted from uncontrolled diabetes in the U.S. It is said that drugs that help lower blood pressure can help the chance to developing kidney failure by 33%. Also diabetes on nerves can lead to loss of sensation or pain and burning of the feet because nerves are harmed due to over time high blood sugar levels. It can also

Diabetes can affect the entire body. Two-thirds of adults with diabetes have high blood pressure, or hypertension. This condition is serious because it leads to an increased risk of stroke, heart disease, kidney and eye problems.

High blood glucose over time damages the blood vessels which makes it easier for blood clots to form increasing the risk of a stroke. Managing diabetes and maintaining blood glucose levels to stay within normal limits helps in preserving the health and wellness of blood vessels in the body. Diet and diabetic medications can help keep blood glucose within normal

Hyperglycemia is a very serious risk for heart disease and strokes. Complications from hyperglycemic diabetes may include coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, or even death. High blood glucose (sugar) levels over time can lead to excess fatty deposits on the insides of your blood vessel walls. These deposits often affect blood flow, which increases the possibility of blood vessels clogging and/or hardening. As a result, this leads to heart disease. Furthermore, those with diabetic heart disease (DHD) may have less success with heart disease treatments, such as angioplasty or artery bypass grafting. “The common clustering of these risk factors in a single individual has been called the metabolic syndrome.” (Scott 1134) Uncontrolled diabetes, the biggest contributor to heart disease, is almost four times higher for adults than those without diabetes. The best way to prevent diabetic heart disease is to control it by way of reducing the risk factors through diet and lifestyle changes.

- One of the issues is the fact that Senator’s are appointed by the Prime Minister. In other words, senators are appointed to the Senate for being loyal to the Prime Minister’s party which is seen as undemocratic and gives the Senate an illegitimate image.

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing primarily vascular complications that contribute to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Poor glycaemic control leads to vascular complications that affect large (macrovascular), small (microvascular) vessels or both. Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke. Microvascular complications contribute to diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease) and retinopathy (eye disease).

High blood sugar can increase your risk, so you should work closely with your doctor to manage it.

Long-term effects of diabetes can cause many serious complications: heart disease, stroke, blindness, amputations, and kidney disease and nerve damage. These complications are usually progressive and develop over time due to poor control of blood glucose levels. High blood glucose levels cause a narrowing of all the vessels, blockage, and high blood pressure.

In order to address this question, the executive team under the leadership of Lual Bul will devote the first few months in office on community assessment and realignment.

The recommended intake of folate (B9) is 400 micrograms (µg) in dietary folate equivalents (DFEs). My average consumption was well over that target. In the average of three days, I received 1148 µg DFE. Even though there is no evidence suggesting that an ample dose of naturally occurring folate presents any risks of toxicity, there is an upper limit in place of 1000 µg a day. Long term consequences of a folate rich diet include a difficulty in detecting a vitamin B12 deficiency and a decreased risk of having a newborn with spina bifida or anencephaly. Large intakes of folate alleviate symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiencies but can also obscure it. The majority of my folate intake came from breakfast cereal (contributing to 70% of my intake).

Armstrong (2014) recommends to start medication treatment when systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher among patient younger than 60 years. I should have ordered fasting blood work because fasting blood glucose and accurate lipid level can be obtained (Weber et al., 2014). I agree with the order of CMP because it helps us know potassium level, glucose level, kidney function, and liver function. Also, monitoring potassium is important if patient is on ACE or ARBS. I should have ordered CBC, lipid profile and EKG to have a baseline (Cash, 2015). EKG is a screening tool to assess cardiac target organ damage in the patient with HTN (Dunphy et al., 2015). I should have included to monitor uric acid, creatinine

The article I chose for the patient I had in clinical is titled Heart in Diabetes: A microvascular disease. I chose it based on his diagnoses of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and his need for coronary artery bypass graft. The study looked at clinical trials for the “common soil hypothesis in diabetes complications” and how diabetes is associated with cardiovascular disease and death. It confirmed that the risk of macrovascular disease, but especially coronary artery disease, is increased two-four times in diabetic patients. The article also said that while there are many other factors in the risk for death from cardiovascular disease, the effects that diabetes has on the microvascular system has a substantially higher detrimental