Chemical And Biological Properties Of Soil Pollution

Soil is the basis for the natural ecosystems and a living thing, it sustains life on Earth and works as a natural recycling facility with nutrients to the plants. However, many people do not know about the good benefits that soil gives to our lives and how humans hurt the conditions of soil with chemicals. Soil is often times mistreated due to the misconception of soil as dirt. Nevertheless, Professor Asmeret Berhe highlighted during the lecture, Soil, that soil is a place of full of life that supports living thing. The living organism depends on the conditions of soil because soil delivers nutrients to plants. For instance, improving the conditions of the soil increases the harvest of crops. Unhealthy soil will not be able to do its job as a natural recycling facility, and not be able to give a good amount of nutrients to plants to abundantly grow. Therefore, conditions of soil are very important in agriculture. Furthermore, having organic soils can conserve the amount of water used for irrigation. Soil is main supply of water to all land and plants because it holds the water for organisms. Organic soil can hold few amounts of water for a long time so it helps farmers to reduce the agricultural water consumption. Soil is very important to out lives than what we imagine and think. The global awareness of soil preservation is less significant to people than other conservation efforts like reducing the amount of plastic used, but soil preservation is very significant to our earth system. Therefore, it is very important for humans to help the Earth healthy sustain life by stop mistreating soil as dirt and treating it as a living thing that holds full of

Modern farming and agricultural operations contribute to the degradation and contamination of our environment as well as the neighboring ecosystems. Fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, animal manure and other Argo-chemicals are rich in chemical nutrients and toxic substances which are often the major sources of agricultural pollution. The use of these various types of products can affect water quality when it rains, and the contaminated soils and water is washed into the waters or into ground waters. These chemicals can also be absorbed by plants which are then consumed by animals and even humans, harmful to animal and human health. There are many causes of this pollution.

Bioremediators need to be able to grow in order to remediate the soil of pollutants. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the presence of Stropharia rugoso-annulata in the soil will support and accelerate the growth of ryegrass in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship. If the growth of the ryegrass is accelerated and supported, the combination of the two bioremediators could potentially accelerate the degradation of PAHs in the soil. Techniques such as soil washing, soil flushing, vitrification, etc., exist to remediate contaminated soil. Although, these techniques are effective, they also disturb the natural environment to some degree. Bioremediation is often accomplished in situ resulting in minimal environmental disturbance. This study is being performed because healthy soil is a limited resource that needs to be preserved and replenished. The state of soil can impact the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems, therefore, it’s important to be able to monitor and control the pollutants in

The American consumer market is twenty nine per cent of world market aside from the basic essentials we need to sustain life. We need to breathe, eat and drink water but we consume a large amount of other resources and services that eventually contaminate the soil we live on. There are so many new inventions and with everyone trying to have the next best thing that allows us to pollute more and waste more into the soil. In this paper I will focus on: What is soil contamination, the type of toxins found in soil contaminated areas and solutions on how to lower the chances of soil contamination.

Urbanization brings about a new set of problems to the environment. These problems include air pollution and land pollution. As new builds and roads are built the ability of soil to absorb

Soil is the most important element for agricultural ecosystems. Healthy soil comes with beneficial microbes and insects. Unfortunately, these are often killed off by the abuse of pesticides. Healthy soil can produce strong crops that are less vulnerable to pests. Damaged soils often need strong fertilizers application to produce a high amount of crops. Soil quality can be amplified in many ways, including leaving crop remainders in the field after harvest and adding composted plant material (Union of Concerned Scientists) Compared to industrial agriculture, companies continue to damage and consume natural soil. While intensive plowing and monocrop (does not rotate) agriculture systems have caused nutrient exhaustion and soil erosion. Excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides has contaminated soils and polluted waterways (Grace Communications Foundations)

Contaminated land has been perceived as the occurrence of relatively rare, but potentially catastrophic incidents, with unforeseen and poorly understood consequences for human health, communities (Verplanken, 1990) and the environment, for example Barnes et al (2002); Levine (1982). Currently, contamination represents a widespread infrastructural problem of varied intensity and significance (Nathanail, 2004). Mass industrialisation and the technological advancements seen throughout much of Europe and North America during the 20th century can be characterised by disproportionately large increase in emissions of contaminants into the environment, where soil is often the ultimate sink

In order to develop the local soil criteria for identifying soils that would result in Pb concentrations in agricultural produce over food quality standard, it is crucial to establish the links between Pb contamination in soils and foods (Zhang et al., 2018a; Zhang et al., 2018b). Numerous studies have investigated the Pb as well as other trace metals soil-plant relationships. For Pb, higher levels in foods such as vegetables often found where soil levels were relatively higher (Samsøe-Petersen et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2018b). Bioconcentration factors (BCFs), with a linear uptake assumption were often used to link the soil-plant contamination levels. Despite of some successful attempts (Samsøe-Petersen et al., 2002), results overall were not consistent especially for Pb (Ding et al., 2016; Samsøe-Petersen et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2018b).

Ground water forms a large percent of all the used water on the earth. And as it cannot be seen, it is usually overlooked or ignore when considering all the water on the earth. Since aquifer is valuable source, protecting it form pollution and managing its use carefully will guarantee its future as an important part of eco-system and human activity. Recently, industrial applications of toxic heavy metals have caused dangerous environmental problems. This essay will show the effect of aquifer polluted by some contaminants such as Cr (III), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) or radioactive materials on people, plants and animals. In addition, it will demonstrate the best treatment and preventative methods. Furthermore, it will argue that the pretreatment of industrial wastes is the best way to prevent the pollution in ground water.

Deprivation of accepted resources is perhaps one of the lethal lapses mankind has ever prepared in its voyage of progress and civilization. All the natural resources are contaminated with lethal lapses. Among them the land and water resources are worst affected and under continuous stress with both biotic and abiotic, due to anthropogenic interventions. If we talk about the soul of infinite life i.e., SOIL then it seems to appear the primary recipient by design or accident of a myriad of waste products and chemicals used in modern society. Soil contamination can be defined as the, addition of any substance to soil that may exert adverse effects on its functioning and capacity to yield a crop. Contamination of heavy metal is of special worry

One of the major technologies being developed for the mining industry are water treatment methods. It was estimated that the demand for water treatment equipment in the mining industry would rise up to $3.6 billion by 2016 (Balch, 2015). Some of these water treatment methods include in situ fixation (removing contaminated substances on site), excavation and extraction, and a new technique called the Virtual Curtain (trapping metal contaminants and releasing the waste water into rain water) (Lambert, Leven, Green, & R.M., 2006) (CSIRO, 2016). Phytoextraction is one method being used for soil recovery and is being tested on a small scale. It is the process of planting grasses and other small types of vegetation to stabilize the surrounding soil. It has been found to be effective, but can take up to 60 months to take full effect (Lambert, Leven, Green, & R.M.,

Sometimes the soil conditions necessary cannot be achieved in situ. In some situations, the temperature might be too cold for the microbes to work or the soil may be too impenetrable to allow the amendments to spread underground. In these situations, soil might be dug up and cleaned above ground (“ex situ”). The soil can then be heated/stirred/mixed with amendments to improve the surroundings. The mixing of the soil can sometimes cause evaporation of the contaminants before the microbes can consume them. To prevent the contamination of the air from the vapours, the soil can be mixed inside a special tank or building, where the vapours from the evaporation of the chemicals can be accumulated and treated. (EPA, 2015). To purify polluted groundwater in situ, wells can be created by drilling into the ground to pump some of the groundwater into tanks above ground. This is where the water can be mixed with the amendments before it is pumped back underground. The water that was just pumped back into the ground, allows the microbes to bioremediate the rest of the contaminated water that is underground. (EPA,

The concept of the conservation of soil takes into account, the strategies for preventing the soil from getting eroded and preventing it from losing its fertility due to an adverse alteration in its chemical composition. Here are some ways to

The most significant issues with the land pollution are deforestation, soil contamination, and the improper disposal of garbage. “Land pollution is the degradation or destruction of earth’s surface and soil, directly or indirectly because of human activities; it refers to any activity that lessens the quality and/or productivity of the land as an ideal place for agriculture, forestation, and construction” (CEF, Land Pollution, para. 2). Some people understand land pollution as damaging the earth’s surfaces. There are many places that are suffering due to land pollution. In the Philippines, there were 5,000 people living in tents due to typhoon “Yolanda” in the year 2013; one of the effects that caused the typhoon is deforestation, which also dropped down the forest cover from 70 to 20 percent. (Canadian Reference Center, 2013, para. 28). These damaging effects on the environment do not only impact the forest alone but also cause properties to be destroyed and lives to be taken away. Using hazardous substances in the soil is also an example of land pollution because this can lead to soil contamination. Soil contamination occurs in a lot of developing countries such as Ukraine, which has 8% of its land contaminated due to fertilizers in the year 2014 (The Economist, 2017, para. 4). This soil contamination creates destruction to the land that can be used for agriculture, where people get their source of food. One of the possible effects of soil contamination is the loss of soil fertility. Some farmers use chemical fertilizers to increase the plant growth, however, these only release toxins into the soil and reduce soil fertility (Baker, 2017, para. 3). This action does not just affect the fertility of the soil, but it also has consequences to the growth of population, number of deaths of humans and animals, which results from the ingestion of foods from contaminated soil. Another thing that is also a concern in the society referring to deterioration of the earth’s land is the waste that is collected and sent to different landfills. Garbage can be seen everywhere, whether in schools, restaurants, or home. Waste is very common in many places and is also known as a cause of pollution. The biggest source of waste is

Phytoremediation is the process by which plants and trees are used to remove or stabilize hazardous pollutants that exist in soil, sediments, surface water or groundwater. The EPA (environmental protection agency) estimates that more than 30,000 sites in the U.S. are in need of environmental treatment, and a great number of these sites are contaminated with highly toxic metals. Abandoned or under-used commercial and industrial facilities, termed as “brownfields,” are a major contributor to this environment concern. “Brownfields” pose significant health risks to nearby residential populations and threaten the plant and animal life close to them. Phytoremediation provides a very