Chemical Composition And Structure Of Csh

In this lab hydrates and anhydrous material were used to discover percent loss of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate and mass loss in anhydrous calcium chloride. Hydrates are chemical compounds that have a discrete water molecules that are part of the compounds crystalline structure. Anhydrous compounds have crystalline structures containing no water. In this experiment, copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate was heated and loss mass, while the anhydrous calcium gained mass. When heated, hydrates break bond with water and the water is released into the atmosphere. Once the water in the hydrate has thoroughly evaporated, it becomes anhydrous.

Marble, or calcium carbonate, is a fairly insoluble compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. This compound has a carbonate ion, which has a charge of -2 and a calcium ion, which has a charge of +2. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone. The main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things including buildings. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place; therefore, by measuring the rate, the amount of time the reaction takes will be measured. Hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid that is found in digestive juices in the human stomach and is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. When you mix a strong acid like HCl with any carbonate you will have a chemical reaction in which CO2 gas is released. This means that it will fizz indicating a chemical reaction. These two elements can react with hydrochloric acid to yield carbon dioxide, calcium chloride and water. The chemical reaction equation for hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate is:

What is the chemical composition/formula of it? (Is it ionic/molecular, neutral, and acid or a base?)

The ratio of the moles of water to copper (II) was 4.77, rounded to 5, proving that copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate does in fact have a ratio of 5 water moles to 1 copper (II) sulphate mole. The hydrate salt copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate is composed of 65.00 % of copper (II) sulphate and 35.00% of water using the measured data. The composition using defined values is 36.08% water and 63.92% of copper (II) sulphate. There is a slight error between the values. One of the possible reasons could be the moisture of the atmosphere of the air, which prevented the water of the hydrate from fully evaporating. Though some bonds between the water molecules were broken and evaporated from the compound, the copper (II) sulphate may have formed bonds

Glass ionomer cement[GIC], invented by Wilson and Kent, has been used as a dental restorative material for more than four decades and its properties are constantly improved to overcome its shortcomings. The unique properties of GIC include direct adhesion to tooth and base metals [1], anticariogenic properties [2], thermal compatibility with tooth enamel and dentin, minimized microleakage at the tooth–enamel interface, biological compatibility, and minimal cytotoxicity. The disadvantages of GIC such as Brittleness, low tensile and flexural strengths has limited its use to low stress-bearing sites such as Class III and Class V cavities [3]. Various studies have been done to improve the properties of GIC by incorporation of materials such as bioglass, CPP-ACP etc. In our study we have incorporated chitosan to enhance the properties of GIC.

The usually levels of copper in some feed materials by using an indication of the copper content of the most feed materials. The most usually practice source of copper is copper sulfate pentahydrate. It also called “bluestone” which is a bluish colored mineral salt. The percent contains in copper sulfate is 25% of copper. Copper is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in the physiology of animals especially for fetal growth and early post-natal development. It also function as hemoglobin synthesis, connective tissue maturation especially in the cardiovascular system and in bones, for proper nerve function. Then it also help in bone development, and inflammatory process. The inclusion of up to as much as 0.1% copper sulphate in

Builders in Greek cities on the coast of Turkey (and in particular Pergamum) evolve cement in about 200 BC as a structural material, in place of weaker mortars such as gypsum plaster (used in Egypt) or bitumen (in Mesopotamia). The secret of the new material is the lime which binds sand, water and clay.

Introduction By using a spectrophotometer, we were able to measure the absorbance of Copper (II) sulphate with increasing dilutions. From this we were able to create a graph showing the concentration as well as the absorbance. The Beer Lambert Law is the linear relationship between the absorbance and concentration. This has a connection with the light behaviour as well because light behaviour effects the concentration and absorbance.

Roman concrete, called opus caementicium [o-pus see-men-tic’-ee-um], was made with a special Roman mortar or cement, called caementa [see-ment’-a], created by mixing water, lime, and a special volcanic ash sand, called pozzolana, that gave Roman caementa its special strength. Roman concrete [opus caementicium] was created by first building a form and then pouring in alternating layers of the Roman caementa and layers of rocks, bricks, or gravels. As each layer of rocks, bricks, or gravels was poured in and spread around, Roman workers would then pound the layers firmly together with a tool called a tamp. Roman cement was special not only because it was strong but because it was also hydraulic—it would set up and harden even under water, which made it handy for building things like Roman sewers, cisterns, baths, and even

The history of cement itself goes back thousands of years. The first sign of cement use comes from the Egyptians, with the use of lime as the “calcareous adhesive”, which they burnt and powdered and can be found cementing the pyramids together still. The Greeks were the next to use lime mortar, “prepared much as it is prepared today.” They also found that certain volcanic deposits combined with water gave increased strength and durability to the mortar. This technological advance was copied by the Romans who were able to make an “admirable hydraulic cement” as they saw constructing a building out

Argentite’s composition is silver sulfide, it molecular weight equals 247.80gm. It is used as an ore of silver; reduce metal availability. It is a popular mineral, the polishing on sterling silver. Important specimens have been found in mines. Its specimen deposits can be found in several areas such as Mexico, Great Britain and Kongsberg.

There are five different types of cement in the dental field each is versatile in their properties, uses, and mixing techniques. Many were traditionally used for routine cementation through the nineteen ninety’s and since have been replaced by newer makeup and mixing techniques. The selection of cement for a specific procedure requires knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of each particular cement for the specific restorative process to be performed.

For those used to concreting on dry condition, concreting under water presents various challenges. Transporting, compacting, quality control, finishing and accuracy must all be carried out successfully in this different, and often difficult, environmental conditions. There are, however, many common aspects, chief of which is that air is not required for the setting and hardening of concrete – it sets and hardens just as well, and often even better, under water. Moreover, it must be fluid enough to flow into position and be self-compacting as conventional vibration is not practicable under water. During transporting and placing, conventional concrete and water must be kept apart and, when they inevitably do come into contact, rapid interface flow must be minimized or cement may be washed out to form a weak layer. Washout can be avoided by the use of an admixture to make the concrete non-dispersible but this comes at a cost and contractors unwilling to pay the additional expense involved often adhere to the more traditional methods of placing under water.

The swelling agent used in this case is 1,2,3-Trimethyl benzene and the mineralizing agent is ammonium fluoride. The silica source used is tetra ortho silicate (TEOS) and these mixture is used in acidic conditions. In this method the surfactant P-123 was diluted by a strong acid i.e. 1.6M HCL and was stirred in a stirrer for 1 hour at 40oC followed by the addition of swelling agent and the mineralizing and this mixture was further stirred for 20 hours under the same condition. Then the silica source i.e. TEOS was added and this mixture was stirred for another 24 hours under the same operating condition and the solid that was obtained at the end of the process was then filtered, then washed with de-ionized water followed by calcination at 500oC for another 8 hours to remove the organic component. Hence, MCF silica was

In this study, Groups A (TLC) showed significantly higher bond strength than Group B (BD) as TLC is resin-based light cure cements that attain early cohesive strength on photo activation. Group B (BD) showed less SBS means (3,01MPa), which may have been due to low early strength of the