Chemical Relaxer Research Paper

The Mintel market intelligence agency has some thought provoking research on the Natural hair movement and sale changes over the years. From the years 2008 to 2013 hair relaxer sales have declined 26%. From the years 2013 to 2015 hair relaxer sales have dropped 18.6%. These reports really show how natural hair is really changing. This also leads down the road or how prevalent relaxed hair is. Yes, Garrett Augustus Morgan did create the relaxer on accident almost, but why did it take off and become almost the social norm amongst African

Most African American women get their hair advice from low class salon who are self-taught. Low class salons have no knowledge of black women's natural hair texture nor natural hair styles that will protect their hair to keep it from breaking off. These salons use hair relaxer products on their African American clients because it is a fast process and are able to quickly move on to the next client. However, African American woman does not have the option to choose between a relaxer or a protective hair style when dealing with these salons, As a matter of fact, The New York Times mentions, plenty of salons are educating themselves on natural hair styles. “Many wear their twist, locks or teenie-weenie Afros”,” proud to have not given in to the

Many African American women have finally embraced their natural hair and are no longer perming, straightening or altering their hair. However, it has become difficult to obtain the necessary hair care products and learn the ins and outs about caring for their hair, but with the help of social media, they are obtainable. Ever since African American woman decided that they are going to embrace their natural hair, perm sales have decreased. More than 26% of perm sales have decreased since 2008 (Opie & Phillis, 2015), while perms are declining, natural hair care products are increasing. While natural hair care products are increasing, it is no thinks to big brand stores or beauty salons in near hometown. It has to do with buying

African American culture has grown tremendously and has become more popular among all of the races. Not only has it become popular but it has also stirred up a lot of controversy. One aspect of African American culture that has become popular and is very controversial is Black women wearing their hair natural. Black women are really starting to embrace their natural hair and love the skin they are in but there are also a lot of people in society tearing them down. A lot of Black women and men have very curly natural hair and when the women do not feel like managing their hair they wear protective styles like braids or faux locks. Because of these styles, African Americans have been denied jobs and opportunities to prosper in society (Williams, 2015). It is offensive to tell Blacks how to wear their hair and that it is not acceptable. It is basically like telling her that she is unacceptable. There has been a great flow in the popularity of natural hair. In the early 1900’s since Black women were teased for their natural hair, straightened hair had become widely favored in the African-American community, but it lost its popularity to the Afro, which was seen as a symbol of black pride during the 1960s. Later on, Black women and even men returned to using chemical straightening treatments known as relaxers that loosened their naturally curly hair. Experts say that this method was often used as a means of meeting the white standard of beauty. The number of women using relaxers

However, there is not a lot of statistical data to support what is known. The sale of relaxers is on the decline. Since hair maintenance is not optional, it is safe to assume that if relaxers are on the decline, then natural hair products are on the rise. This is a booming market. The research firm Mintel estimates the total sale of Black hair products totaled $2.7 billion in 2015. (Mintel, 2016)

Hiding out of embarrassment did not last too long. Garrett Augustus Morgan, the child of two former slaves, noticed that certain chemicals he used at the clothing factory he worked at could not only straighten fabric, but also hair (Taylor). After his first successful live experiments, first on the naturally curly fur of an Airedale dog and later on himself, he opened the G. A. Morgan Hair Refining Company in 1913 and began to straighten hair in his home workshop. The chemicals he used were very strong could never touch human skin. The alkaline and lye chemical mixture strips the hair of proteins and removes the curl permanently. In order to maintain the chemically straightened hair, the relaxer would have to be reapplied every six weeks, or every time the curly hair began to grow back. Stemming from the time of slavery, many African-Americans found it hard to manage their hair. Relaxers supposedly made their hair more “manageable” and caused them to be widely accepted. Years later, African-Americans who used relaxers saw the harmful effects that lye had on their hair. It could cause burns, hair thinning, and hair and skin loss. No-lye relaxers were made to reduce those results. In relaxers today, chemicals a lot less

(how much is used), Timing of Exposure (when is it used?), individual factors of mother and

Hair modification is a century old tradition for all ethnicities. The focus of this research paper will be the benefits of natural hair versus relaxed hair within the African American hair community. My position on this issue is that the natural state of hair is inherently better than the processed relaxed state of hair, even though African American women continue to relax their hair the outcome may be extreme.

A., & Nagel, S. C. (2016). Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Oil and Natural Gas Operations: Potential Environmental Contamination and Recommendations to Assess Complex Environmental Mixtures. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(3), 256-264. doi:10.1289/ehp.1409535

Society during 1800’s was vigorous due to the comparison of risk to use chloroform, with women being Snow’s main target in research there was still confusion amongst pubic. Despite this religion had mixed views about chloroform, some would refuse its use and others had no reasons for their opinion but some had no concerns due to the Queens uses. A few religions views were supported by media, whereas others supported Simpson’s views and medical support was similar in the way of split views of chloroform, but was widely discussed but some medical leaders believed chloroform was unethical. The Church of England preached the uses of chloroform, but because of the Queen’s uses their views changed because of the success. In the 20th century, chloroform

Thousands of years ago, ancient civilizations made use of a particular plant that can be commonly found in the Mediterranean region of Western Europe. This plant, with its stunning purple bell-shaped flowers and dark, juicy berries (1), has earned a reputation throughout history for being one of the most poisonous plants that can be encountered in nature (Figure 1). Eating just ten of the berries can prove fatal, and the leaves and roots of the plant can be even more poisonous (1). Aware of its deadliness, the ancient Romans exploited the plant’s toxicity by dipping their arrowheads in juices from the berries, and countless assassinations were accomplished by tainting food and drink with the extracts from the plant (2, 3). Not surprisingly,

Although it is good Relaxin was tested on animals Relaxin is was not tested on humans. Relaxine's effectiveness was tested on animals which is a problem because we do not know how it will affect humans. Relaxin also was not tested on pregnant animals so we will not know the effect on the baby. Babies lives would be at risk if the pill were to cause some side effects. Relaxins safety was tested on mice which is a huge problem. Humans and mice are not the same so women's health would be at risk with no tests on humans. Relaxine should be tested on participating humans.

The use of phenolic estrogens in the manufacture of plastic, resins, and several others, created a risk for the human and environment since the exposure and pollution due to these chemicals has increased significantly. Among these phenolic estrogens is Bisphenol A (BPA) which is considered to influence the development of uterine fibroids. However, the role of environment estrogens in the promotion of the growth of uterine fibroids, and its mechanism of action are not completely established.

There are two types of muscle relaxants. First, is the antispastic agents that are not recommended for low back pain treatment because it carry indication for spasticity related to injury at the central nervous system. Second, the muscle relaxants is antispasmodic agents that can be used as treatment plan for low back pain if patients do not respond sufficient to first-line analgesics. It should be used only for short time period, if possible no more than 2 weeks in total. Muscle relaxants show better results in reducing pain and relieving symptoms, but it is less effective than NSAIDs. It also can cause more side effects if the patients used it. The major side effects related with muscle relaxants are linked with the central nervous system,

In 2002, a case-control study was started in Brittanny, France. The candidates were women who were well into their second trimester (Douglas). Out of this study, they concluded that 79 out of the 580 babies were born with birth defects (Douglas). The mothers were questioned about their home lives and their hobbies, along with their occupation. Twenty-nine percent of the women were found to be exposed to these solvents based on the products they use in their home while twenty-one percent of women were exposed to harmful products through their profession (Douglas). “Women who reported regular exposure to solvents were four times more likely to have a baby with an oral cleft as compared to women who did not report regular exposure. Using job