Background Chemical such as bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are often be found in our food, water, and personal products. BPA is used to produce polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and in the manufacturing process of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) organosols (Paloma, Quesada, & Nadal, 2015). Water bottles, food storage containers, baby bottles and other products are designed using polycarbonate (Cao, et al., 2011). BPA is also used in the coating of metal food and beverage cans and metal lids in glass jars (Cao, et al., 2011). Previous studies have determined that BPA can be released into food or drink in hot, acidic and basic conditions. It is estimated, that two-thirds of BPA in adults comes from dietary source (Arbuckle, et al., 2015). TCS and TCC are found in numerous personal products. TCS is found in antibacterial hand soaps, dishwashing liquid, shaving gels, toothpaste and many other personal products (Arbuckle, et al., 2015). The US Department of Health and Human Services has a list of all products that contain TCS or TCC (Arbuckle, et al., 2015). In the United States, TCC is used as an antibacterial agent; while in Canada TCC is not marketed to be used as an active medical ingredient (Arbuckle, et al., 2015). Purpose According to a previous epidemiological study, no significant health impact has been observed in prenatal exposure to TCS. On the other hands, one study did report that male infants were significantly shorter when
The overall food contamination by Bisphenol A is unknown, but the nutrition/ health impact of this chemical is an important subject to be discussed for all individuals. The main aim of one study recently analyzed was to assess the reproductive impact of BPA leached from regularly available polycarbonate plastic containers. The bottles specifically chosen for testing were those that were used by children. The migration of BPA occurs in polycarbonate plastics (i.e. water bottles and baby bottles). Toxicology reports show society the importance of evaluating these products before purchase and consumption as a consumer. For a particular experiment, researchers used Daphnia Magna, a small flea that cleans and absorbs particles that infect the solution they are placed in, and bred them in the polycarbonate containers. A control group was created using water bottles without the infection of these creatures. A GC-MS machine to detect the level of BPA released by each polycarbonate plastic then evaluated the water. An increase in the reproduction of BPA was detected when the Daphnia Magna were bred inside the container. Although these organisms effected the leaching of Bisphenol A, the GC-MS was able to detect, through the control group, that BPA is released without DM. An Eco toxicological effect was observed through all of this testing, and provided evidence to substantiate the fact that Bisphenol A is leached from polycarbonate plastics. The BPA was further analyzed in the Daphnia
TCDD is a dioxin that can be produced through diesel exhaust, burning waste, and chemical manufacturing. In recent years, many have argued that exposure to this chemical can cause serious illnesses. Studies on animals have shown that TCDD is one of the most poisonous chemicals out there. The animal testing has been found to be especially toxic to developing babies in the womb. A pregnant rat given a dose of less than one part per billion (which is comparable to a single drop in 14,000 gallons of water) will cause female sexual characteristics in a male embryo. Doses of 100 parts per billion in rodents and fish have been proven to cause birth defects such as cleft palates, malfunctioning kidneys, heart problems, and weak bones (Schmidt). Animal studies have proven that small doses of TCDD can be severely detrimental to one’s
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). CDC study on “prenatal and infant exposure to
A “commodity chemical,” BPA is widely used in consumer products, and therefore is produced on a large scale. It is composed of two polymers: acetone and phenol. The two primary uses of BPA are for polycarbonate plastics (approximately 74% of its application) and epoxy resins (about 20%) (Ritter). Polycarbonates are manufactured by the combination of phosgene (COCl₂) and BPA (C15H16O2 ), and epoxy resins are made by combining BPA and epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO). When unpolymerised epoxy compounds leach into food through packaging or come into contact with human skin through contact with cash register receipt tapes, for example, the estrogen-mimicking effects of the compounds have the potential to interfere with the normal function of
Chemicals have harmed everyone over the years. During 2007-2010 there was a huge epidemic of toys that were created with very toxic chemicals. Sometimes we don’t realized or care enough about the amount of damage we to the environment until it hurts the people we value the most for example family and friends. At the time many people didn’t think much of it, but as the media continued to tell stories of chemicals affecting little ones the outraged activists, parents and scientists began to search for a solution to prevent chemical poisoning in children’s toys.
It is nearly impossible to comprehend that products and items that we as a society use everyday can create such a catastrophe with our bodies that cancer, autism, and even the reproductive system is affected by these monsters. Even though there are thousands of chemicals that can harm our society, BPA is looked at as one of the ugliest monsters out there today.
This is because the chemical has one of the most common environmental chemical exposures to humans. Abbreviated “BPA”, bisphenol A exposure, has been linked with several mechanisms that are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, this comprises of weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress (NHANES 11).Public health places emphasis that the health of populations should be considered by reducing the quantity of bottled water they consume. Data should be collected for the purposes of policy decision making and deciding the best ways the consumption of bottled water should be curtailed Considering that an endocrine-disrupting chemical, BPA has been shown to have estrogenic and thyroid hormone that disrupts the effects of experimental studies. This owes to the fact that there are significant relations between childhood obesity and the type of water such children who get infected by the disease consume. The venture hence becomes a serious concern because people, specifically Americans, have been unknowingly poisoning themselves and their children with the prior mentioned chemical. This has been championed by the use of BPA contained in bottled water. Notably, only reduces human consumption of this harmful chemical which is found 93% of the American adult
is a difficult chemical to escape -- it's in so many plastic products from water bottles and sippy cups to contact lenses and toys. Controversial studies linking BPA to health risks, particularly reproductive risks, prompted companies to go the "BPA-free" route. But new research from the University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) Health Sciences says not so fast: BPS (Bisphenol S), a replacement for BPA that technically makes products BPA-free, is probably not safe either.
The NRDC found out that two brands of plastic water bottles were contaminated with phthalates (Jemmott). Phthalates are used to make plastic softer. This chemical prevents the body’s normal functions from happening. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) only oversees water from being bottled, but does require bottlers to regularly test for contaminates (Jemmott). The FDA considers bottled water a low-risk product, so plants may not be inspected each year (Jemmott). Also bottled water in plastic bottles can contain PBC which is found to cause cancer (Bartlett). Overall bottled water can contain chemicals that can severely harm you in the
The text, Development through the lifespan by Laura Berk, provides a clear description of prenatal environmental influences. The harm done by the teratogen depends on four factors: dose, heredity, other negative influences, and age. For instance, in the period of the Zygote no damage can be made. The embryonic period is when most of the damage can occur because the foundations of the body parts are being created. During the fetal period minor damage can be done, and if damage does occur it usually affects organs in the head. Teratogen effects are not always immediately apparent, some effects can take decades to develop. Exposure to teratogens during the prenatal period can also affect the child’s ability to
When women are pregnant, it’s important for them to make multiple changes in their daily routine and life style, in order for their baby to be healthy and develop normally. There are many soon to be mothers that unintentionally expose their fetuses to things that could potentially be hazardous. Environmental perils that alter a fetus’s development negatively are called Teratogens. Teratogens, have the power to cause chemical and physical changes in fetuses, concluding with the baby being born with disorders, disabilities, defects and a shorter life.
A critical area of concern for gynecologists, obstetricians, and other reproductive health officials is how to reduce the exposure to toxic environmental agents to both the mother and developing fetus. Exposure to these chemicals is ubiquitious and the long lasting effects on the reproductive health throughout an individuals life span, which is evident when exposure occurs prior to conception and during fetal gestation. Patient exposure to manufacture and use of industrial chemicals is a critical concern, since there is constant introduction of new chemicals each year and more than 84,000 chemical substances are current listed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Unlike pharmaceuticals, environmental chemicals do
Ever since the dawn of time, pregnancy has been an important event in the life process of women. Some may argue that the maturation of the infant is solely their responsibility. However, the carrier’s habits can influence the baby’s development significantly. Some may leave the baby unharmed, while others might cause pregnancy issues. To further elaborate this topic, the following lines will discuss the effects that teratogens may have on the baby and his life.
More than 90% of us have BPA in our bodies right now. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a harmful chemical used to manufacture most plastics and cans. It is also found in most water bottles and baby formulas. Although many people use processed goods daily, they have very harmful chemicals in them such as BPA. BPA can lead to many major health issues such as problems in the central nervous system, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer.
Teratogens can have many different effects on a baby over the course of its lifetime. Teratogen effects range from birth defects, such as the baby being deaf or having intellectual deficiencies, to something as severe as a miscarriage. Consuming drugs or alcohol, developing a sickness, or being exposed to high amounts of lead are all examples that can cause teratogens to take effect. There are many different reasons that can cause these things can happen, but more times than not it is because of something the mother consumed or an environment she put herself in. Studying the causes and effects of teratogens is worthy of study, effects me in my daily life, and additional studies related to the topic should be explored.