Chemical Test Paper

“Erosion occurs when the soil lacks protective vegetative cover”. (Pimentel, Kounang, 1998) “Soil erosion reduces the productivity of the land by loss of water, soil, organic matter, nutrients, biota, and depth of soil.” (Pimentel, Kounang, 1998) With no conservation methods in place in certain places like: no contour farming, no cover crop, no terraces, no water ways, and tillage on steep hills is asking for a loss of productivity from the land. The effects on the land that non-conservation methods have is horrible. “Its effects are pervasive, and its damages are long lasting. (Pimentel and others 1995a)” (Pimentel, Kounang, 1998) Soil loss is a bigger factor then most people think. For an example an comparison of how much soil is actually lost in certain environments: “On sloping agricultural land under tropical rainfall, as much as 400t/ha/yr of soil is lost (Pimentel unpublished report,1990).”(Pimentel, Kounang, 1998) “Under arid conditions with relatively strong winds, as much as 5600t/ha/yr of soil has been reported lost (Gupta and Raina 1996).” (Pimentel, Kounang, 1998) Soil loss is a huge factor when conservation practices are not put into place. “According to some investigators, approximately 75 billion tons a fertile soil are lost annually from the world’s agricultural systems (Myers 1993).” (Pimentel, Kounang, 1998) Soil loss is a huge factor and many different things can be done to help slow it,

Extracted soil samples indicate simultaneous reduction of rainfall and occasional erosion. Both soil and sediment features show establishment of marked

Erosion is a global problem, as we have already seen (umich.edu). Globally, topsoil is eroding faster than it can be replaced over 1/3 of the world's croplands (umich.edu). In the U.S, the loss of topsoil has been estimated to cost $125B per year (umich.edu). As you might imagine, this is a very difficult calculation to perform, since topsoil production rates are so slow, the lost topsoil is essentially irreplaceable (american.edu). This has been increasing within the past for years and corporations are trying to lessen the amount of erosion but it does not seem to be working

What types of organisms are found in soil? Determine the relationship between soil and organisms.

Accelerated Chemistry I is a demanding course that involves critical thinking and problem solving. Throughout the course you will be asked to analyze data, draw conclusions, process new information, and build your own understanding of chemistry concepts. Only after you have investigated new ideas will you discuss them formally. The model we will be using in class is - engage, explore, explain, evaluate. You will be asked to analyze common occurrences such as melting ice cubes and burning candles in order to understand the chemical processes that allow them to occur. You will analyze the relationship between macroscopic properties and microscopic structures, which in turn will help you to gain a better understanding of the world around you,

( may dad ) .Several ways include minimum tillage, no tillage and cover crops. Newer equipment is designed to save expenses and build black dirt levels. (introduction to conservation agriculture cropping system) .This happens because more residue, which is the crop matter such as corn stalk, is left in the field which decreases erosion and increases organic matter. ( my dad ) .This is more cost saving and time saving for the farmer. (introduction to conservation agriculture cropping system) . Sometimes the no till fields, are considered ugly fields because of the residue left in them and the way they look, but this is an important way to conserve black dirt. (my dad)

The acid-test ratio subtracts the value of the firm's inventory from its total current assets . Because inventory is often difficult to sell , this radio is considered an even more reliable measure of a business's ability to repay loans than the current ratio . Calculate the acid-test ratio for each business and decides whether you would give either the loan . why or why not ?

Analysis of representative soil samples will also be undertaken to characterise different soil material, for example, pH, particle size, organic matter, potential contaminants and so on.

The concept of the conservation of soil takes into account, the strategies for preventing the soil from getting eroded and preventing it from losing its fertility due to an adverse alteration in its chemical composition. Here are some ways to

Erosion removes the surface soils, containing most of the organic matter, plant nutrients, and fine soil particles, which help to retain water and nutrients in the root zone where they are available to plants. Thus it affects the productivity of plants. The remaining, the subsoil, tends to be less fertile, less absorbent and less able to retain pesticides, fertilizers, and other plant nutrients. There are over 17,000 soil types recognized worldwide. They vary widely in structure, erodibility, fertility, and ability to produce crops. A generalized soil profile for a humid, temperate climate is showed. When the natural vegetation is cleared for agriculture, soils become exposed to erosion and loss of soil fertility. The removal of the above-ground natural

Soil erosion is a natural event that affects all land. In farming and other agriculture, soil erosion refers to the weathering away of topsoil by the natural forces such as wind, water or through acts associated with farming such as tilling. Soil erosion can be something that happens slowly over time or something that can happen in the blink of an eye causing severe land damage. This article shows the cause and effect of soil erosion on farm and agriculture land.

    Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In agriculture soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a fields topsoil by the natural physical effects of water.  For this reason, soil and the nutrients in them are exposed to the suns heat. Soil moisture is dried up, nutrients evaporate and bacteria that help break down organic matter are also affected. According to Omafra Magazine, “Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process” (Brown). It may appear that this is only one effect of deforestation but, this also plays a role on the water cycle.

Soils that have a higher percentage of clay will have a higher water holding capacity and a lower hydraulic conductivity. Sometimes when there is a compacted layer of clay underground it can lead to flooding after heavy storms. There are 12 different soil types known as orders. Each order is based on one or two dominant physical, chemical, or biological properties that differentiate it clearly from the other orders (Importance of soil to agriculture. (2013). The 12 soil orders all end in “sol” which is derived form the Latin word “solum” meaning soil or ground. Most of the orders also have roots that tell you something about that particular soil. For example, “molisol” is from the Latin “mollis” meaning soft. The 12 soil orders are presented in the sequence in which they “key out” in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s dichotomous Soil Taxonomy system. Gelisols are soils that are permanently frozen or contain evidence of permafrost near the soil surface. Histosols are dominantly composed of organic material in their upper portion. These soils most often occur in extremely wet areas. Spodosols are among the most attractive soils. These soils form as rainfall interacts with acidic vegetative litter such as needles of conifers to form organic acids. Andisols typically form from the weathering of volcanic material such as ash, resulting in mineral in the soil with poor crystal structure. These

Significantly, desertification also cause soil erosion, which means soil surface is worn by wind and water. Desertification makes soil easy to erode by water or wind, as soil is exposed and soil structure is instable without forest. LaI R(2003) says that ““Land area globally affected by erosion is 1094 million ha (Mha) by water erosion, of which 751 Mha is severely affected, and 549 Mha by wind erosion, of which 296 Mha is severely affected.” To control soil erosion, an obvious way is virescence, enlarging forest cover, which can protect the soil far from exposing to strong wind. Also, the roots of plants under ground play a role as a framework, as they are obstructions to soil movement,

Having good soil structure is very important for all types of farming. To constantly provide quality feed soil with a good tilth and with plenty of nutrients is required. This is achieved by collecting urine and dung from the milk shed and is collected in ponds. The liquid is drained away and are processed through 3 screens then drained into a holding tank ready to be spread on the farm. While this process is taking place the original solids are scraped away and placed into a bay with a weeping wall to drain the excess water. Once most water has been drained