Chemiluminescence Lab

Figure 1. Reaction mechanism for the reduction of cyclohexanone to adipic acid, using the oxidizing agent nitric acid.

: During each reaction, something happened. During reaction 1, after adding the nitric acid a red-brown gas was created. The copper first turned green after a few minutes turned into a blue solution. Reaction 2, When acid was added a blue precipitate formed. Reaction 3, when heated the solution turned into a black precipitate.

Q: What is the compound being oxidized in the luminol synthesis reaction? a. The compound being oxidized in the luminol synthesis reaction is the dianion. First, the dianion during the reaction of luminol with base, and then oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. 2.

5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione is the compound being oxidized in the luminol synthesis reaction to produce the phthalate salt. 2. Acetic acid was used to protonate the solution after the 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione was reduced from NO2 to NH2. If the equivalents of the two reagents were reversed, NaOH would produce less product since less of the 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione would be deprotonated. 3.

Page 1 : http://mw2.concord.org/public/part2/photosynthesis/page1.cml 1. What color light has the highest frequency? (a) Red. (b) Yellow. (c) Green.

Covered in this laboratory report is the synthesis of Luminol and the reaction of chemiluminescence. We synthesized Luminol by process of reducing 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione with sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulfite and then proceeding to oxidize the product. Equipment and techniques used for the reaction were reflux and a vacuum apparatus, which yielded a solid Luminol precipitate of 0.181g. After producing two separate stock solutions, the Luminol along with the stock solutions were taken into a dark room to observe the blue light emission. Introduction: By definition, chemiluminescence is a chemical reaction in which light is released without heat being released.1

This experiment was used to demonstrate the preparation of luminol and its chemiluminescence. After luminol was synthesized by the condensation of 3-nitrophthalic acid with hydrazine, which produces 3-nitrophthalhydrazine and is reduced using sodium hydrosulfite to yield luminol, the chemical luminescent properties could be observed. Reacting luminol with potassium ferricyanide, the oxidizing agent, and hydrogen peroxide displays this chemiluminescent reaction.

Abstract In lab, luminol was synthesized by reacting 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4 dione with sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrosulfite, and acetic acid. Once synthesized, luminol was added to various mixtures in which a catalyst such as potassium ferricyanide, as well as the addition of hydrogen peroxide caused chemiluminescene to occur. This change in an excited state to a ground state in the product produced a fluorescent blue light, especially in the concentrated solutions of A and B. Introduction The purpose of the experiment was to synthesize luminol and observe its chemiluminescent properties.

When we finished collect the data we make a graph. We start with white color light first trial. We saw 4-5 of Daphnia come stayed few second and two of them left. We get same result on second trial. When the third observation was different because only one Daphnia was left all of them went to dark place. While we are observing the Daphnia with red color light they are not attractive. Two of Daphnia came and stay about five second and one left only 1 was stayed stayed stayed We use the same light second time same result we got only 1 stayed. We use the same color light for third trial we saw some difference. They are was no Daphnia at all . None of Daphnia accept the red color. Finally we use green color. First trail was strange none of Daphnia came to near the light also same result in second trial. The third trial one Daphnia came on nearby the green color. Our group find out that white color light was most attractive for Daphnia. My dependent group is number of Daphnia attracted with light. My independent group is diffrent color of light. My control group is white light and my experimental group is green light and red light.

The purpose of the photosynthesis lab is to see to how fast photosynthesis occurs in a leaf in relation to different color lights. We changed the dependant variable to see how the different colors of light affects the overall time it takes for photosynthesis to take place and the leaf disc to rise. My hypothesis suggested that if the beaker had a colored lid on top of it, the light color will affect the rate of the leaf disc rise compared to the beakers with white (regular) light or no light. As it turns out, my hypothesis was supported and correct. The color of the lid did affect the rate photosynthesis occurred. The reason the leaves float to the top is because, during the photosynthesis process, oxygen bubbles form in the leaf, thereby making the leaf float.

The method used in this experiment is called an oxidation reaction. An oxidizing agent takes away electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. The oxidizing agent typically takes these electrons for itself, thus gaining electrons and being reduced (Helmstein, Ph. D 2017). The organic oxidant used in this experiment is sodium hypochlorite, which is also known as “household bleach’. Sodium hypochlorite in acetic acid is an alternate oxidizing agent used for the development of ketones that was developed by Stevens, Chapman and Weller due to the many advantages it displays (J. Org. Chem, 1980, 45, 2030). This particular oxidation of sodium hypochlorite is an exothermic reaction meaning that it releases heat as an energy form. Due to the exothermic nature of this experiment, temperature ranges should be monitored throughout the experiment. The overall objective in this experiment is to yield a

Chemiluminescence is the production of light from a chemical reaction.In this chemical reaction, two chemicals react to produce an excited intermediate which breaks down releasing it’s energy as photon’s of light to reach it’s ground state. This reaction can be seen in a glow stick when a solid ester reacts with hydrogen peroxide producing phenol and cyclic peroxide. Cyclic peroxide then reacts with the dye in the glow stick to ultimately create the glow. The glow stick was first invented by Michael M Rauhut and Laszlo J Bollyky based on the works on Edwin A Chandross. Glow Sticks are very important to the modern times because they affect the society, living conditions and the environment.

Chemiluminescence is the generation of light through a chemical reaction and it can be emitted or seen in ultraviolet, visible or infrared lights. Chemiluminescence is common and even found in objects that we don’t really think have a lot of science behind them. For example, glow sticks are an example of Chemiluminescence “When the two chemicals[in the glow stick]meet, the electrons in a glow stick become excited and create a bright glow as a side effect of the reaction known as chemiluminescence.” (M2 Presswir, Jul 2008). This article states the basic science behind Chemiluminescence, but to gain more information and a better understanding it’s important to look at the chemicals that are literally doing all the work. “ The luminol reaction is similar to the one responsible for those intriguing glowing

Prey are not the only ones who use bioluminescence to their advantage. In fact, many predators make use of their bioluminescent powers to help them catch prey. Animals can use their light to lure prey towards their mouths, or even to light up

2-Naphthol has been selectively oxidized to 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ, Lawsone) with hydrogen peroxide in presence of