Chemistry Bonding Assignment

5. The two primary types of chemical bonding is ionic and covalent. Ionic bonding is when atoms give

Heptane, octane, and nonane are alkanes that only contain London-dispersion forces. And of these three alkanes, nonane has the strongest intermolecular forces. When dealing with London dispersion forces, the strongest intermolecular forces are found with the substance that has the highest molecular mass. This is because the stronger the intermolecular forces are, the fewer molecules that have enough kinetic energy to evaporate. This can be seen for nonane in the graph: the temperature decrease for nonane was the steepest out of the three because it lost the least amount of energy from evaporation (See Figure 1).

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the properties of chemical substances that can be used to identify the types of bonds in a chemical substance using a laboratory procedure. The two types of bonds being identified were ionic and covalent. Based on a substance’s properties, how can you determine whether its bonds are ionic or covalent? This is the question I posed before starting the experiment.

Of the two alkane liquids studied n-Hexane was determined to have the stronger IMF of attraction by virtue of its experimentally determined lower ?T. Conversely n-Pentane has weaker IMF of attraction due to its larger ?T. As explained at length above, this is because it takes more energy to excite a molecule in liquid to leave (vaporize or become gaseous), when there are stronger IMF of attraction holding the molecules together in liquid form.

Temperature is known as one of the factors that affect the solubility of a gas in its solvent. Because the enthalpy of solution for gases dissolved in waters is usually

2. Using the atom and bond library below, construct the following molecule. It may be

Your Response: B 16. Propane (CH3—CH2—CH3), is considered a nonpolar molecule because A. it does not contain oxygen. B. carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities. C. it is a gas. D. it is flammable.

2. Describe the three different types of bonds, providing examples of molecules formed through each type of bond. (3 points) Covalent bond, methane. Ionic bond, table salt. Hydrogen bond, water.

As a result of the water molecule bond, each (hydrogen; oxygen) has a slightly negative charge and each (hydrogen; oxygen) has a slightly positive charge.

A greater number of electrons correspond to a great polarizability of a molecule. Greater polarizability leads to greater dispersion forces. Thus, as molar mass increases, the number of electrons increase, which increases the polarizability of the molecule and hence the strength of the dispersion forces of the substance.

B) Covalent bonds bind the atoms to each other in an organic molecule (Open Learning Initiative, 2015, pg.63).

Maleic acid has a melting point of C and Fumaric acid has a melting point of C. The substance that has a higher melting

In ionic bonding one atom transfers electrons to another, creating ions with differing electrical charge.

It takes very little energy to break these forces; therefore simple covalent compounds have very low melting points and generally appear as gases. You can also get multiple bonds; this is where atoms can share more than 2

Table 1 summarises the results from the primary data collected. Figure 5 indicates there is a linear relationship between the molecular weight and heats of combustion. Figure 6 compares the heats of combustion of the primary data, the accepted values and values calculated from the bond dissociation energy. Figure 6 compares the heat of combustion values identified by the bond dissociation energy calculations, the accepted values and experimental values when 80g of water is heated by 10°C. The bond dissociation energies do not take into account the hydrogen bonding and the accurate energy required to change the tested alkanol from an aqueous state to a gaseous state. The experiments done to identify the accepted values were conducted