Chemistry : Coulplation And The Aspects Of Coagulation

The solution of the formed ash and the water is basic, which was shown using the pH paper where its color became blue. A chemical change occurred. It is described using the following chemical reaction:

The objective of this lab was to use prior knowledge about the Law of Conservation of Matter and of different types of chemical reactions in order to evaluate if aluminum disappears during the reaction and copper appears. The reaction that occurred between Copper (II) Chloride and aluminum was a single replacement reaction. Clear signs that a chemical reaction took place include heat release/temperature change, color change, and formation of a precipitate. When a single element, in this instance aluminum, replaces another element in a compound, copper, a single replacement reaction occurs. A basic formula for these reactions is AB + C → AC + B.

Figure 2 is a representation of the average saturation of each cuvette at a specific point time as a function. The y-axis shows the specific saturation points from figure 1, and the x-axis provides the different levels of pH. The pH scale provided on the x-axis ranges from 0 to 14, 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. The point chosen from figure 1 was the saturation levels of each cuvette at 110 seconds. The saturation point was chosen because in the previous graph at time 110 seconds the reactions of

To improve the results from the experiment buffer solutions that were not whole pHs could have been used e.g. pH 4.5, 5.5 etc. This would have provided more reliable results as a wider range of results would have been produced. Using pHs with decimals would also help to more accurately determine the optimum pH as the optimum may have been above or below the pH stated in the hypothesis; 8. In this experiment however the optimum is taken at 8 because the graph does not rise again.

In part 1, the precipitate that forms is a aluminum hydroxide and in part 2 it is magnesium hydroxide. A precipitate is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution. When the emergence of the insoluble solid from solution happens, it is called precipitation. The property change in the reactants of the lab are when the water, alum, ammonia, react and create the aluminum hydroxide. When the precipitate is formed, it is an endothermic reaction because the change in the product, aluminum hydroxide, decreases in temperature. This is a chemical reaction because different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance and while they do so, they either absorb heat or give it

After adding distilled water, alka-seltzer began bubbling extensively, as the two substances react and form CO2(g) and a buffer. Sodium bicarbonate also bubbled mildly, as it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which then breaks into CO2(g).

Many signs show that a chemical reaction has occurred. Some ways we know there is a chemical reaction are the formation of gas, formation of precipitate, change in temperature, and,or change in color. In part one of the experiment, we know there was a chemical change because of the formation of the white precipitate. We poured the ammonia and water in the flask with alum and water, forming a white, cloudy substance in between the two liquids. The white, cloudy substance between the two is liquids is also known as aluminum hydroxide. The second part of the experiment was very similar to the first, but in the second part we mixed epon salt, water, and ammonia. The precipitate formed from mixing the epson salt, water, and ammonia was called magnesium hydroxide.

The organic layer on the top formed, and was also extracted out through vacuum filtration like the step before. The solid that was produced from the reaction was bright yellow in color. It then was set out to dry for a week, and worked on the next experiment time. After setting the solid aside, the original solution that was still in the separatory funnel, 14 mL of 10% NaOH was added. The aqueous layer was then again separated into a separate flask. This same step was repeated twice more. The aqueous solution that formed was then cooled in an ice-bath. Concentrated HCl was then added until a pH reading of 1 was reached making it an acidic solution. This took 13 mL of HCl to reach the adequate pH. Another precipitate formed from this process, and it was extracted through vacuum filtration. The solid precipitate that was formed was a cloudy white color. It also, was set out to dry for a week until the next experiment time.With the remaining solution in the separatory flask, CaCl2 (a drying agent, which helps dry the precipitate that was filtered out so that no extra liquid will be left over 5), was added. This solution was boiled over a steam bath until no bubbles were present, and left to dry

To ensure that the Animas River returns to its original state and the drainage from the Gold King Mine is cleaned up, we believe that a high density sludge process should be used. We believe the most effective high density sludge process is the health steele process. This process works by first mixing the sludge with lime in a tank so that the water can return to it’s original ph. Once the water reaches a safe ph for drinking, it reaches the lime reactor where air is added to ensure the water doesn’t change when exposed to air. Once the water leaves the lime reactor it is transported to the floc tank, where the remaining contaminated particles are removed from the drinking water. The final step is when the water reaches the clarifier and is sent back out to the river, as a healthy drinking water.

Higher amounts of alkalinity help to stabilize the pH (Waterfilters.net 2017). Only one of our samples had any carbonate alkalinity, and that was Sample 4 with 10 ppm. The other three samples had no carbonate. Sample 1 had the highest amount of bicarbonate with 62.2 ppm. Sample 2 had 23.6 ppm and Sample 3 had 38.0 ppm of bicarbonate. Sample 4 had the lowest amount of bicarbonate with 30.0 ppm. None of the samples had any hydroxide alkalinity. The sample with the highest total alkalinity was Sample 1 and Sample 2 had the lowest total

Seven clean 100 mL volumetric flasks were obtained and 2.00 mL of 1.551 ×10^(-3) M bromothymol blue was added to the 7 flasks via volumetric pipet. Other reagents including K2HPO4, NaHPO4 and NaOH were added though volumetric pipets as instructed in the table below:

Both conditions increase coagulability. Atherosclerosis increases platelet function by encouraging aggregation and adherence. Immobility, in contrast, contributes to hypercoagulability by increasing procoagulation factors.

First, three titration curves and three second derivative curves were created to determine the average pH at the half-equivalence point from the acetic acid titrations. Titration curves were used as visuals to portray buffer capacity. The graphs and a table, Table 1, that showcased the values collected were created and included below. The flat region, the middle part, of Figures 1, 2 and 3, showed the zone at which the addition of a base or acid did not cause changes in pH. Once surpassed, the pH increased rapidly when a small amount of base, NaOH, was added to the buffer solution. Using the figures below and

Aluminum and ferric salts are the mainly used coagulants all over the world for treatment of water. However, their application may have considerable disadvantages, the most important being possible negative effect on consumers ' health. Several studies reported that chemical coagulants remain in tap water after

The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of turbid water was investigated. The main parameter studied was Turbidity. Coagulation experiments using jar test was performed with a flocculation system where the effects of Turbid Water pH, Retention time as well as Dosage of Banana Stem Juice on coagulation was examined. A Three Level Factorial Design in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert software was applied in the model analysis. Consequently, most of the actual and predicted values closely agreed with various regression coefficients. The characteristics of the Turbid water was determined with TSS at 222 mg/L, turbidity at 143 NTU and COD at 89.36 mg/L, BOD at 44.68 mg/L, DO1 at 11.7 mg/L, DO5 at 6.93 mg/L, pH at 7, Temperature at 27.3°C. Turbidity reduction using Banana Stem Juice was achieved at pH 6.5 with percentage