Chemistry: Influencing Reaction Rates

Introduction: Chemistry happens everywhere, not just in a lab. Matter interacts to form new substances through a process called a chemical reaction. Your body lives and grows because of chemical reactions, whether by taking medicine or even a breath. A chemical reaction is defined as the process that involves rearrangement of the ionic structure of a substance. A reaction rate is how fast or slow a reaction takes place. Chemicals that proceed quickly have a fast reaction rate, whereas slowly proceeding chemicals have a slow reaction rate. There are many ways to increase the reaction rate of chemicals, for example temperature. If the temperature of the substance is increased, the particles would have higher kinetic energy resulting in more & more collisions. A greater proportion of collisions results in a reaction. Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid are the two chemicals investigated throughout. Magnesium is an important supplement in the human body as well as its uses in many lightweight products such as car seats, luggage as well as fireworks and sparklers. Hydrochloric Acid can be found in the human body as a digestive acid.

In this experiment it was observed that not all chemical reactions occur at the same rate. Chemical reactions occur when one or more substances are changed into other substances. The properties of a chemical reaction require three things. First, they need a source of energy for molecules to encounter each other. Second, they require to proceed at a steady rate. Third, they must proceed in a particular direction until they reach equilibrium. There are two types of chemical reactions that can occur: endergonic and exergonic reactions. In these reactions there are both reactants and products. In exergonic reactions the reactants (starting materials of a reaction) are higher than the products (results of a reaction). This is opposite for endergonic

Chemistry in Action I. Chemical Reactions (Section 8.1) A. Molecules and Chemicals Reactions 1. Chemical Reactions- a chemical change resulting from a collision between atoms or molecules.

Chemical reactions occur at different rates. In this experiment I will consider some of the key factors that influence the rate of a reaction:

From the testing and results several major trends and relationships were discovered. The first observation, which supports the hypothesis, is the relationship between concentration of reactants and reaction rate. As concentration increased, the reaction rate also increased in direct proportion. This was shown by the results because when the concentrations doubled, from 0.1M and 0.125M to

Reactions occur everywhere, and they may take decades, such as fossils, or only seconds, such as lighting a match to occur. “Chemical kinetics concerns the rates of chemical reactions” and what factors affects these rates (Iodine Clock, 2017). “Temperature, concentration, pressure of reacting gases, surface area of reacting solids and the use of catalysts are all factors which affect the rate of a reaction” (Bbc.co.uk, 2017). This is because they affect the reaction roles and yields of activation energy, product management and reactant management (William, 2017). This is accomplished by “making changes to the concentration, pressure or temperature of a reaction to alter the position of the equilibrium” (Bbc.co.uk, 2017).

Concentration is the number of molecules for a given volume (Dictionary of Earth Sciences, 2008). As any concentration is increased, there are more available molecules to react with other molecules. The 2 M hydrochloric acid which was used in the experiment had the greatest amount of molecules, much greater than the 0.4 M hydrochloric acid. When there is a much vaster amount of total molecules of one reactant, there is a higher probability that more reactions will occur with the other reactant. With so many overall collisions occurring with higher concentration hydrochloric acid, a greater amount of successful reactions should come as a byproduct. The pressure in the flask increases due to the amount

More particle of the reactant will be present in an amount of space hence, more particle will collide with each other

Chemical reactions is a process when the reactants convert to products. A reactant is a substance that goes in to a chemical reaction and undergoes change is a reactant. The final substance of the chemical reaction is the product. A chemical reaction rearranges the molecular structure of a substance. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds(Treichel and Kotz). Chemical reactions either result of chemical bonds forming or breaking. Chemical reactions are distinguished by the following four ways(Shukla). The first way a chemical reaction is distinguished is the physical state of the reactants and the products to see if all the substances are in the same physical state or in a different physical state. The two types of chemical reactions to distinguish the physical state are homogeneous reaction or heterogeneous reaction. The second way to identify a chemical reaction is the type /nature of the chemical. Some examples are synthesis reactions,Decomposition reactions,

Some people may ask what exactly is a chemical reaction? A chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance. There is six types of chemical reactions named Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Combustion, and Acid base reactions.

Three major types of chemical reaction are the ionic bond, covalent bond, and hydrogen bond.

Collision Theory : In order for atoms/molecules/ions to react, they must collide with each other, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the collision frequency. The greater the number of collisions, the faster the reaction will take place.

Chemical reactions happens when two chemical bond together and create other chemicals. The molecules or atoms of two chemicals came close to

A compound/ substance/ anything with matter produced by/used in a reaction involving changes in atom or molecules

Hydrogen peroxide is a by-product of many reactions that occur within the body – however, it is toxic so needs to be broken down. The equation for this decomposition is as follows: