Chemistry Investigatory Project

6-3: This process is used by cells to manufacture _biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products__

     In the world today, Nicotine is one of the most frequently used addictive drugs. The impact it has on society is like no other. It is one of more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke of tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. This addictive drug is the primary component in tobacco that acts on the brain.

In 1988, the Ministry of Health in the United States defined the nicotine as an addictive substance. Cigarettes and other derivatives substances generate tobacco dependence. The addictive mechanisms are similar to the addiction mechanisms to drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Cigarettes are highly efficient at delivering nicotine and other addictive substances. The average smoker takes in 1 to 2 mg of nicotine per cigarette each time they inhale. Nicotine reaches the brain within 10 seconds which contributes to its great power of addiction.

The addiction to tobacco, nicotine, and smoking is something the humans have embraced and battled since the early 1800’s. With more and more people falling into the habit and becoming addicted, many detrimental health effects on the body caused people to question what was going on and what was causing these negative reactions in the body. Soon enough, the healthy and “cool” cigarettes that everyone was smoking became the face of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, birth defects, and many other deadly bodily reactions. In the early 2000’s electronic cigarettes (ECs) were developed by a Chinese pharmacist that hoped to allow smokers to maintain their nicotine addiction, but limit or end the harmful and detrimental effects of tobacco on the body, due to his father’s death of tobacco-attributable lung cancer.1 A typical EC consists of a rechargeable lithium battery, a heating tool called an atomizer, which vaporizes a humectant (typically propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and/or polyethylene glycol 400). The humectant contains liquid nicotine. When the smoker inhales, the heating tool is activated by an airflow sensor, and the nicotine is vaporized.1 2

That tightens undesireable veins, growing this circulatory pressure and invigorating one 's heart, and boosts this blood vessels weight amounts. Throughout its substance construction, may be is an efficient harmful substance—the infusion of also one decline will be fatal. It does not take may be, not necessarily this smoking, that produces men and women continue smoking cigarettes, but it 's the cigarettes smoking that produces a considerable lots of the difficulties. Tobacco smoking is actually the variety of perilous gasses—carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and nitrogen and sulfur oxides—and tars, that incorporate the expected some, 000 chemical substances. A few of these chemical specialists are usually offered through latest cigarettes building techniques. While cigarettes may be smoked cigarettes with regard to quite a while, merely nowadays provides the idea migrated from the commonly formulated and dried out method. That generates this feeling in which throughout the modern one hundred year this negative has an effect on of using tobacco get soared. The actual dedication, that 's shared through a lot of power, is actually a excellent perhaps the involved danger is actually sent from the potion treatment method and out of place getting ready of cigarettes. The tiny analysis which has been completed with this (it is just not

The plans of the e-cigarette go back to the 60s, and the devices idea was originally created by Herbert Gilbart in 1963. 20 years later the cigarette “smoke free” cigarette was created by Dr. Norman. Around 15 years later the e-cigarette as we know today was created by a chemist named Hon in China (N). In just 3 years electronic cigarettes began to increase in use and popularity. Overall, there are an estimated 600 different ingredients in an average e-cigarette. In the popular “Juul” e-cigarette the ingredients are, glycerol, propane glycerol, natural oils, extracts and flavor, nicotine, and benzoic acid (“What Is in a JUULpod Juice?”). The e-cigarette does not contain tobacco, but within all of these ingredients there, is one major one nicotine (“Rise in E-Cigarette use”). Most e-cigarettes do contain nicotine, which it can lead to poisoning(“Rise in E-Cigarette use”) In 2013, it was shown that the largest sale of the electronic cigarette was in local convenience

Purveyors of electric cigarettes may choose a concentration to which they want to intake their nicotine. Most users will choose a concentration of six milligrams to the milliliter, which is slightly less than that of a filtered cigarette. Some users may vaporize nicotine at a whopping 36 milligrams, while others may use three milligrams at a time. The concentration has to to with preference, from person to person. Nicotine may be regarded as a harmful, addictive substance, and its primary role within the usage of such new technology somewhat skews the health effects that would otherwise isolate the usage of the compound. A publication from the US Library of Public Medicine captures the confusion directly, "electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are growing in popularity, but their safety and efficacy as a smoking cessation aid are not well understood" (Crowley). A study performed regarding cessation of electronic cigarettes performed by the National Institute of Public Health pontificated just how much e-cigarette usage would be required to use enough nicotine for one cigarette, "Assuming a high nicotine delivery of 30 micrograms per puff, it would take ≈30 puffs to deliver the 1 mg nicotine typically delivered by smoking a conventional cigarette." (Grana). Electronic cigarettes, no matter how low a

It is grown all over the world and supports a billion-dollar industry. Tobacco is dried and processed, then either placed into cigarettes and processed, or manufactured for chewing tobacco. The psychoactive ingredient is nicotine, a stimulant, but more than 4,000 other chemicals (2,000 of which are known to be poisonous) are present in cigarettes (Health).

Nicotine is an addictive substance that almost all e-cigs contain. Some e-cigs that claim to be nicotine free still contain the drug, research was done in 2009 and

A Tobacco plant is made up of approximately 5 percent of nicotine by weight. There are two categories of tobacco products cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. Nicotine has many effects on the body but the effect it has on the brain is responsible for the so called “good feeling” that is behind the addiction. Nicotine is considered to be addictive because of the psychological and physiological effects on a person. The Center for the Advancement of Health published the results of a study on teenager smokers:

Electronic cigarettes have been marketed in recent years as alternatives to smoking. They are electrically-driven devices, used to vaporise a liquid that may or may not contain nicotine. They consist of a battery part-usually lithium battery, and an atomizer where liquid is stored and is aerosolized by heating a resistance encircling a wick. The main ingredients of liquids are propylene glycol, glycerol and a variety of flavourings. A huge variety of devices and different liquids are available, with the main purpose to satisfy users’ need and preference.

Most cigarettes have eight to nine mg of nicotine, though only one mg is transferred to the smoker. Nicotine increases the heart rate, raises the blood pressure and causes blood clotting to the smoker. The most important fact about nicotine is that it has no medical value. Other drugs like marijuana, heroine, and cocaine have no medical value as well but for some reason, cigarettes are legal in the US. An interesting fact that many people do not know is that nicotine, the addicting drug in cigarettes, is more addicting then marijuana, heroine, and cocaine. There has not been one reported death due to marijuana. In 1988, the U.S. Surgeon General reported that nicotine is just as addictive as heroin and cocaine. A "hit" of nicotine reaches the brain in seven seconds, twice as fast as heroin injected into the vein. And still the cigarette is still legal.

On the second study of e-cigarettes they still came up with 3.3 micrograms per cubic meter of nicotine levels in the air. In the study involving smoking regular tobacco cigarettes the amount of nicotine levels were ten times higher at almost 32 micrograms per cubic meter (Reuters, 2014). E-cigarettes did not change the amount of carbon monoxide or other gases in the air and did not produce some particulate matter that regular cigarettes do at about seven times more. In conclusion with this study exposure to nicotine is lower when compared to exposure from tobacco smoke, and nicotine is relatively safer when compared to other dangerous toxicants in tobacco smoke according to Goniewicz (Reuter, 2014).

E-cigarettes are smoke-free and tobacco-free, but they're not nicotine-free. The liquid in e-cigarettes is typically a combination of nicotine, flavorings (such as bubble gum or watermelon), propylene glycol (a solvent), and other additives. The amount of nicotine depends on the mixture of the particular liquid-nicotine cartridge installed in the device. Some

Each cigarette contains 10 milligrams of nicotine drug, but a person only inhales 1 to 2 milligrams of that nicotine which is still enough to cause addiction. The effects of nicotine start to diminish within a