Chemistry Research Assessment

Classify plants and animals according to the physical characteristics that they share. Identify the structures in plants (leaves, roots, flowers, stem, bark, wood) that are responsible for food production, support, water transport, reproduction, growth, and protection.

The response earned 1 point for providing a role of water in temperature regulation when it describes how

In the following space, explain the role of fossils in developing the Geologic column. Your explanation must be between 200 and 300 words.

The process of photosynthesis, by which light energy is used to convert inorganic compounds into organic substances with the release of oxygen, may be the most important biological event sustaining life (Keir et al. 2017). In the light-dependent reactions, the chloroplasts of a plant use the pigment chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy. This energy is used to split water and produce oxygen (Eller et al. 2015). The energy is later used in the light independent reactions, where carbon dioxide (CO2) undergoes carbon fixation with the aid of enzyme rubisco, because it catalyses both carboxylation and oxygenation reactions and most of responses of photosynthesis to light, CO2, and temperature (John Evans 2013).

Organisms are complex and use energy to function, grow, and reproduce. Organisms get this energy from photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants harness sunlight to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water1. Photosynthesis provides glucose for cellular respiration. Glucose is the reactant for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration has complex stages, where the glucose molecule is slowly broken down. The formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⇢ 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.

30. Describe three ways that the atmosphere helps living things survive on Earth. Include information in your answer about the characteristics of the different layers.

By the time of land appearing, the Earth would have developed for over two billion years, and this is where the interesting events occurred… the beginning of life. Research has shown that after a stable atmosphere and water was developed, an unclear event of favorable conditions allowed simple organisms such as bacteria to come into existence (Rosenberg). These organisms began to develop and improve into several different types of complex organisms that went separate routes in the evolutionary chain. Some bacteria developed into vegetation and covered the Earth more quickly than the other types of bacteria (Heckman). This agrees with the Bible when it stated after creating the land, “Let the land produce vegetation: plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” Vegetation may have developed from similar bacteria, but it was different factors and mutations in their cellular structures that created the billions of plant-life we have today. This could have occurred by chance again, or, God could have designed this development. With land present and vegetation now covering, God finished what he saw as his third day of work.

The plant species consist of upland species and bottomland species. The upland species contains forests of different types of trees. In order to determine the bottomland species, we explored the two lakes. The two lake levels are generally low throughout the year causing floating-leaf and emergent plants to be dominant. I expected to find both, floating-leaf and emergent plants to dominate in the two lakes, as well as, dead decomposing plant material settling on the bottom of

23. Why does reduction in soil moisture content pose an impending disaster for many areas in the world?

Photosynthesis is essential to all living organism such as animals and plants. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen, carbohydrates and water. (Textbook: Principles of Biology). The reactants and the products of photosynthesis are:

If the temperature is changed, then the water’s state of matter will change because an increase of temperature will form a gas and a decrease of temperature will from a solid.

Life on Earth is dependent entirely on the energy from the Sun, not only to keep the planet at a suitable temperature but also to provide the energy required to sustain life. The energy of the Sun, in the form of photons, is actively captured by chlorophyll and related pigments present in photosynthetic organisms, like plants and algae. This captured energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into complex energy-rich molecules that can be used by themselves

Photosynthesis is a well-known process utilized by plants to turn sunlight into chemical energy, but Big History goes deeper to understand how the first cells used it to develop more complex stages of life (Vidyasagar 2015b). It is the story of how the first cells began eating the air around them to gain energy. They started using the carbon dioxide that was a waste product of other bacteria (Christian, Brown & Benjamin 2013 p. 69). This photosynthesis process was crucial to the development of plants and thus humans. Without it plants could not survive, and without plants humanity would not have carbon dioxide to breathe and thrive. After photosynthesis, respiration and eukaryotes entered the scene around 2.5 and 1.5 billion years ago (Christian, Brown & Benjamin 2013 p. 70).

Photosynthesis is the process where green plants use sunlight to produce water and carbon dioxide as the food and generates oxygen as a product.

These techniques led to the discovery of the boundary between the two eras. A single thin layer of clay found within predominantly limestone rocks established this. By comparing the marine life found in, above, and below the clay, the marine life, like the dinosaurs, had been terribly affected by the extinction event. The percentage of life in the upper layers was dramatically lower than that in the lower. This was far more compelling than what was suggested by dinosaur’s fossils.