Chemistry : The Causes And Uses Of Chlorine

Later, in the Seventeenth Century, a German chemist named Georg Ernst Stahl was the first to postulate on chemical reaction, specifically, combustion. He said that a substance called phlogiston escaped into the air from all substances during combustion.

Backtrack to April 22, 1915. Halfway around the world in Ypres, Belgium, German forces surprise two French Colonial divisions by unleashing nearly 150 tons of pure fatal chlorine gas. Because they had never been exposed to chemical warfare on a scale like this; The French forces had no protection against this deadly toxin. This lack of preparation sent front line troops into a panic. Nearly 6,000 troops were killed because of the deadly gas. These soldiers did not die peacefully, as they choked and burned to death as if they were parasites. The Germans, who bombarded “No man’s land” and the front line trenches with the chlorine gas were equally as surprised with the devastation the unbeatable gas left. Long story short, although German forces had a major advantage with this toxic new weapon; they failed to come out of the Second Battle of Ypres with a victory. Shortly after worldwide mass production of gas masks were being put into effect for the war. This first use of chemical warfare changed the entire

The chemical formula for benzyl chloride also known as a-chlorotoluene is C7H7CL. This chemical is a colourless liquid with a very pungent odor, has a melting point of -48 to -43 °C, and a boiling point of 179.4 °C. It has several health concerns such as eyes, nose, and throat irritation. If inhaled it could cause lung edema. The chemical can also spread to important organs such as your heart, stomach, lungs, muscles. It could also go into your bloodstream. Most importantly human data are considered in with the evidence of cancer by the exposure to benzyl chloride. This is because of the studies involving small numbers of cancer deaths and who were exposed to mixtures of chlorinated compounds. The production of benzyl chloride in the western

Chlorine was first discovered by a man whose profession was in the medical field. However, since it was 1774, the technology wasn’t as advanced and therefore led him to misleading conclusions. Carl Wilhelm Sheele was a Swedish pharmacist who, “released a few drops of hydrochloric acid onto a piece of manganese dioxide in his lab, and a greenish-yellow gas was produced in a matter of seconds…” (Alchin, Linda. “The Element Chlorine.” What Is Chlorine?, www.elementalmatter.info/element-chlorine.htm.). Before Sir Humphry Davy, people thought that Chlorine was a form of oxygen. Sir Humphry Davy later proved otherwise. Although this element was never thought to be used this way, in World War I Chlorine was used as a “choking agent”. Men would suffer

Society during 1800’s was vigorous due to the comparison of risk to use chloroform, with women being Snow’s main target in research there was still confusion amongst pubic. Despite this religion had mixed views about chloroform, some would refuse its use and others had no reasons for their opinion but some had no concerns due to the Queens uses. A few religions views were supported by media, whereas others supported Simpson’s views and medical support was similar in the way of split views of chloroform, but was widely discussed but some medical leaders believed chloroform was unethical. The Church of England preached the uses of chloroform, but because of the Queen’s uses their views changed because of the success. In the 20th century, chloroform

I chose this project because I am a competitive swimmer and I have been swimming for the past ten and a half years. I wanted to find out how much chlorine remains in a pool each day after chlorination. I am interested to see how much residual chlorine is left and the range in which there appears skin irritation and red eyes because I have experienced the red eyes and itchy skin due to over chlorination.

Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking the chemical bonds in their molecules. When chlorine is added to water, chloric acids forms: Cl2+H2O = HOCl + H+ + Cl-. Depending on the pH value, chloric acid partly expires to hypochlorite ions: HOCl = OCl- + H+. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl-) will form free chlorine when bound together, and they are primary disinfectants throughout the process. However, the chlorine dosage has to be high enough to reach the breakpoint for a significant amount of chlorine to remain in the water. When passing the breakpoint, the addition of chlorine to the water will only produce free chlorine remains which is essential for disinfection.

homes. Even though it is not used in household pesticides, it is a common chemical in pesticides for the agricultural business not only in the United States, but throughout almost 100 countries and there are more than 50 different types of crops sprayed with chlorpyrifos, including the crops such as corn and soybeans in the Midwest to a variety of fruit in California (D’Angelo).

Chlorine is about 2.5 times as dense as air and moderately soluble in water, forming a pale yellowish green solution. Chlorine is so reactive

First of all, tetrachloroethylene is a nonflammable colourless liquid which goes by with the formula C2Cl4. Tetrachloroethylene is a reaction between two elements: chlorine (Cl) and carbon (C). This reaction raises a lot of concerns since it is mainly used for dry-cleaning fabrics and metal degreasing operations. Firstly, the exposure to tetrachloroethylene has many negative effects on the health of humans and the environment. Effects that develop from severe (short term) high-level intake exposure of humans include the irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, kidney dysfunction, and many neurological effects such as behavioral changes, impairment of coordination, dizziness, headaches, sleepiness as well as unconsciousness. The effects

Chlorine is a chemical element with the atomic symbol “Cl” and is identified with the atomic number 17, which shows it has 17 Protons and 17 electrons. The chemical element Chlorine in gas form looks pale green and is also poisonous with a suffocating odor. As a chemical cleaner, Chlorine is a liquid which is colorless with little to no odor and has a distinct chemical taste. The chemical element Gold can be bonded with Chlorine to create 3 different chemical compounds. Gold(III) Chloride or “AuCl3” is a combination of Gold and 3 Chlorines. This chemical compound is formed with polar- covalent bonds, which can be identified by finding the difference between the electronegativity of Gold and Chlorine. Gold has an electronegativity of 2.64,

The Chlorox Company in 2008 essentially entered into a relationship with the Sierra Club during it's launch of the Green Works line. This was the first time a product line was endorsed by the Sierra Club, which in turn provided a boost in sales for the new product line. Now, had this been a legitimate shot at endorsing an environmentally product and nothing else, this would have been a legal and ethical action. However, millions of dollars in donations were subsequently made based on annual sales of the product line. That being said, these actions must be considered legal and unethical as there is nothing illegal in the donation of money, however, it seems ironic that the donations appeared to be in conjunction with a form of a kickback for

The collection of excitation and emission spectra provided intensity values that were divided into the intensity of our first solution containing no chloride ions. Our peak wavelengths were consistent and close to the expected wavelengths of 350 nm and 450 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. Our average excitation and emission peak wavelengths were 347.0 (+/-) 1.6 nm and 448.8 (+/-) 2.4 nm, respectively. The peak intensities also decreased in a linear fashion, thus we trusted our spectra data and proceeded with creating the Stern-Volmer plot based on the emission intensities. The trend line from our data is y=250.792x+0.933 with an R2 value of 0.993. Three things are provided by this trend line. The line is a strong fit (R2 = 0.993), the quenching constant of 251

2.1. Properties of Chlorine 2.1.1. General Chlorine has a characteristic penetrating and irritating odor. The gas is greenish yellow in color and the liquid is clear amber. The data on physical properties of chlorine as determined by different investigators show some variations.

Based on the results, the hypothesis was not correct. It was hypothesised that the control sample would retain the most chlorine, and light would retain the least, with stabiliser and cover between them. The results gathered were very different, showing cover as the best, retaining 70.2% of the original OCl-, and stabiliser as the worst with only 50.3% of OCl- remaining. The control and light samples were situated between them, with an OCl- retention of 58.6% and 56.1% respectively. This is very different to the expected results, and can only be put down to errors and anomalies, since there is no logical explanation for the control sample to do worse than the covered sample, since it was kept in darkness. However, the general