Chemistry , the Acidic Environment Assignment Hsc

First, let us look at the pollution level of sulphuric dioxide. According to the graph, it was about 200 micrograms owe cubic meter in 1600, and increased until about 1850, when it experienced the highest pollution level (around 900). After hitting the high, it dramatically decreased and it was as low as almost 0 in 2000.

This is due to the ejection of approximately 200 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere (Ethridge, 2005). This mammoth quantity of substance can cover Britain knee-high (Tillotson, 2016). Sulfur dioxide is a reflective aerosol; this means it reflects incoming radiation (.

At higher altitudes, sulfur dioxide can undergo a series of chemical reactions affecting the environment. For instance, by reacting with water vapor, sulfur dioxide can create sulfate ions, precursors to sulfuric acid. Besides elevating the risk of acid rain, the ions can also react to form particles that reflect

Nitrous oxides, along with sulfur dioxide from the sulfur in the oil, combine with water in the atmosphere to create acid rain. Acid rain causes many problems such as dead trees and acidified lakes with dead fish.

The purpose of this lab was to determine the pH and total acidity of grape juice and wine. A second purpose was to experimentally determine the pKa of a monoprotic weak acid, polyprotic weak acid, as well as, a free amino acid, alanine.

Several other acidification and recovery experiments were executed in the 1980’s and 1990’s. The largest was Lake 302, a double basin experiment with one basin acidified by nitric oxide and the other by sulfuric oxide. After 5 years, scientists discovered that sulfuric acid was about 33% more potent than nitric acid. The balanced equation for Lake 302 is CaCO3 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + H2O + CO2.

Acid rain is referred to as the mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Acid rain formation can be a result of both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation or man-made sources through emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. This results in fossil fuel combustion. In the United States, roughly 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of all NOx come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels, like coal. When these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals, it forms various acidic compounds to form

Nitrogen oxides are released into the air from motor vehicle exhaust or the burning of coal, oil, diesel fuel, and natural gas, especially from electric power plants. They are also released during industrial processes such as

fossil fuel combustion– has increased carbon dioxide concentrations from °280 to 355 mL/L since 1800; the increase is unique, at least in the past 160 000 yr, and several lines of evidence demonstrate unequivocally that it is human—causedRead More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/1941591

Will not be comprehensive ozone rule-making, since only looking at oil and gas and no other sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). However, it is an opportunity to bring ozone numbers closer to attainment.

Scientists say that 55% of man-made NOx emissions come from the average motor vehicle. (“Alternative”)

Arguments do exist that there is no evidence that changes in composition observed are of human origin. However, the growth of the gas concentration in the atmosphere began with the industrial age. The annual increase in CO2 concentration observed amounts only to half the annual atmospheric release of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. A small decrease is actually observed for oxygen in the atmosphere which is what is required for the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas used.

In terms of numbers, the most important groups of phytoplankton include the diatoms, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, although many other groups of algae are represented. One group, the coccolithophorids, is responsible (in part) for the release of significant amounts of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere. DMS is converted to sulfate and these sulfate molecules act as cloud condensation nuclei, increasing general cloud cover. In oligotrophic oceanic regions such as the Sargasso Sea or the South Pacific Gyre, phytoplankton is dominated by the small sized cells, called picoplankton, mostly composed of cyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus) and picoeucaryotes such as Micromonas.

In contrast to this, sulphur dioxide, which also condenses to create acid rain, plays a more critical role in climate change. This is specifically seen in the fluctuation in global temperatures. Mills(2000) posits that sulphur dioxide is responsible for the major stratospheric perturbations. Harpp(2005), Grotzinger and Jordan(2014) and Self(2009) agree with this however Self(2009) argues that the impacts of other gases on climate change should also be studied in detail. It is reported by both Grotzinger and Jordan(2014) and Self(2009) that the presence of the sulphur dioxide gas in the stratosphere will result in the cooling down of the global temperatures. This is corroborated by both Harpp(2005) and Mills(2000), however they also argue that

Through recent studies, scientists have noticed that political issues have actually made the air in the Middle East cleaner. Scientists have discovered this because of the significant changes they can see from space. These scientists looked at 10 years of recorded data taken by NASA’s Aura spacecraft which records the Ozone levels such as nitrogen oxide. Nitrogen oxide emissions have dropped because of the civil war in Syria, movement of refugees, new environmental safety laws and the amounts of fossil fuels used in the Middle East. Scientists have found that 58% of nitrogen oxide emissions around the world are cause by the burning of fossil fuels. Since the Middle East has more fossil fuels, they produce more nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide. In places such as Saudi Arabia, within 5 years, their general energy consumption rose along with their nitrogen oxide levels. During those five years, Saudi Arabia passed a law that was aimed toward reducing the country’s environmental footprint causing the consumption to continue to rise while the nitrogen oxide emissions dropped. Other Middle Eastern countries such as Kuwait started putting their own air quality standards into play proving that air control is successful. These standards were leading other countries like the Israeli cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa to pass a Clean Air Law. The result of the Clean Air Law was as successful as the law passed in Saudi Arabia. Other causes for the drops in emission levels were not as