Chemotherapy Research Papers

A key factor in the development of tumors is the ability of cancerous cells to evade recognition from the bodies’ natural defense against cancer, the immune system. Immunotherapies effectively block the pathways that shield cancerous cells from being identified, and thus the promote the bodies own anti-tumor response. However, one challenge to immunotherapy has been its combination with chemotherapy, the mainstay of cancer treatment. While chemotherapy is extremely effective in stopping the rapid division of cancerous cells, its toxic immunosuppressive side-effect make it difficult to combine with

So, with this increase in toxicity over single agent inhibition of the PD-1 checkpoint, an increase in efficacy would be required to support development of the combination. At the doses of tremelimumab considered tolerable, among PD-L1 positive patients (based on staining in 25% of the cancer cells), the response rate does not appear superior to single agent PD-1 inhibition.2,4 However, among those without high level PD-L1 expression, 4 of 14 patients responded to the combination, while with approved agents, no more than 2 patients would anticipated to respond.2,4

Some of traditional drugs may be effective in patients whose cancers have a specific molecular target, and not for other patients. To solve this problem of patient-specificity, pharmaceutical research have seen the expansion of individually tailored cancer treatment, which is an application of targeted therapy, and this is where biopharmaceuticals are. As an increasing part of the population is diagnosed with cancer and as these patients live longer, increasing care will be given to patients who have received these drugs. Moreover, in the case of cancer therapy, those drugs and especially with mABs are a promise of less side effects : recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to genetically engineer an antibody to reduce the risk of host immune response.

Throughout the years, a diagnosis of cancer has been an uphill battle for both patients and doctors alike. An individual faces an incurable disease that is notorious for taking away lives by the numbers. Victims of the pathogen are at risk of it spreading to other parts of the body, facing an excruciating amount of pain and eventual death. If caught in an early stage the carcinogen can be removed through various treatments. However, throughout the years treatments have been limited to patients which can cause physical, and financial hardships. It is not until the age of biotechnology and more scientific research occurred that immunotherapy became a possible treatment for those in need. Immunology has been in the scientific world since the

Many doctors, physicians, researchers and biotech companies--including the revolutionary Seattle Genetics research facility--are now turning to antibody-assisted cancer treatments and precisely targeted cures instead of treating cancer with a cocktail of chemicals and radiation that generate risky side effects and damage the healthy tissue that patients need to recover. Cancers are among the most frightening and difficult-to-treat illnesses. Ranked as the leading cause of death and disability, cancer is actually an umbrella term that covers many different diseases. Each person faces a unique disease because cancers interact with the body's existing cells, so each case has a

3.) The mayo clinic article on monoclonal antibody drugs for cancer seems to be a conveniently recent development and an answer to my query in the previous paragraph. Basically they are laboratory-produced molecules that are engineered to attach themselves to cancer-affected areas of the body, and make them more visible to the body’s immune system. They also block growth signals in the cancer cells, preventing them from developing new ways to improve blood flow to them. They even have the ability to deliver radioactive and chemotherapy directly to cancer cells without having to deal with daylong chemo sessions or high-dose beam radiation. This relates to Gladwells’ approach because researchers definitely thought outside the box to come up with it. A lot of todays’ medicine treats the symptoms and or gets the body to do most of the work. With cancer, doctors usually try to get the medicine to do the work. By unveiling the

It is no secret that cancer is leading cause of death in the world. It was estimated that in 2012, 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide and 8.2 million people died as a result of cancer [1]. Cancer prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate, yet the progress of treatment has been slow, with benefits of treatment being measured in only months or even weeks. Most patients with a specific type of cancer at a certain stage will receive the exact same form of treatment, but it has been made clear that while the treatment works well for some, it does not for a significant amount of others. The treatment that patients receive today is based on

In the past, most of the cancer drugs were developed to hinder the growth of tumors. The main strategy was so called “targeted therapies, which interfere with genetic signals that act like accelerators, causing tumors to grow.”1 However, because there are too many pathways and signals that can act as an accelerator of the cancer growth, a single drug was usually not enough to suppress the cancer.

The first thing we will want to review is the mechanism of action: Nivolumab is an inhibitory ligand-blocking antibody against the programmed death receptor. In contrast to traditional chemotherapies and targeted anti-cancer therapies, which exert their effects by direct cytotoxic or tumor growth inhibition, nivolumab acts by blocking a negative regulator of T-cell activation and response thus allowing the immune system to attack the tumor.[5][6] This is an example of immune checkpoint blockade. The indications of nivolumab is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy . There are a few cautions that need to be addressed immune-mediated pneumonitis, melanoma, immune mediated colitis, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, immune-mediated nephritis and renal dysfunction just to name a few. Immune-mediated colitis reported; withhold for moderate or severe and permanently discontinue for life-threatening colitis. Immune-mediated hepatitis observed in clinical trials; monitor for changes in liver function; withhold for moderate and permanently discontinue for severe or life-threatening transaminase or total bilirubin elevation. Immune-mediated nephritis and renal dysfunction may occur; monitor for changes in renal function; withhold for moderate and permanently discontinue for severe or life-threatening serum creatinine elevation. Immune-mediated hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism reported; monitor for changes in thyroid function and initiate thyroid hormone replacement as needed. Other clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions (eg, rash, encephalitis) can occur after therapy discontinuation. Severe infusion reactions reported (rare, <1%); discontinue if severe or life threatening, interrupt or slow infusion rate if mild or moderate reaction. It can

As previously mentioned most people believe that the cure for cancer is already present or is easy to obtain but in actuality it is the complete opposite. In actuality there are many steps that have to be done before any form pharmacotherapies or therapies are implemented to serve those who have

The genetic engineering T cell therapy in oncology are characterized by influx of investment, rapidly advancing technologies and intense competition. Our competitors include leading multinational pharmaceutical companies, established & newly founded biotechnology companies and potentially universities and research institutions. We compete with companies in the space of immunotherapy as well as companies developing novel targeted therapies for cancer. We will cover China market and thus competing with local biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in China. We are facing intense and likely increasing competitions with current approved drugs and potentially new drugs and therapies entering the market. Our competitors may be able to develop other compounds or drugs that are able to achieve similar or better results.

Though there are multiple treatment domains within “cancer immunotherapy,” a major source of excitement has been the discovery and the proven efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors – Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab. These drugs operate on the basis that our own immune cells can recognize and eliminate self-cells (and malignant cells), but are usually inhibited from doing so by specific receptors and ligand complexes. These mechanisms normally serve to maintain self-tolerance and limit collateral tissue damage during immune responses, but are exploited by cancers to evade immune effector cells.[2]

While drugs that inhibit cancer – such as Tecentriq by Genentech – are effective in fighting some cancers, in diabetes, the PD-L1 needed to be boosted. The protein, called an immune checkpoint because it prevents T cells from recognizing and attacking cancer, is instrumental in crippling autoreactive T cells that destroy cells which produce insulin, Fierce Biotech reported.

Cancer is very complex and different throughout every person. Throughout the years there has been advancements in science and technology toward a more personalized approach, trying to understand the causes and treatments best for each patient’s cancer. Through the launch of Precision Medicine Initiative researchers, doctors, pharmaceutical companies, government agencies and more will come together in the efforts of introducing personalized medicine.

Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality for cancer as it can promote specific and durable anti-cancer responses. Systemic adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an emerging form of cancer immunotherapy showing tremendous potential in clinical studies aimed at treating solid cancers. The success of promising anti-cancer adoptive cell therapies relies on the abilities of the perfused CD8+ T lymphocytes to gain access to and persist within the tumor microenvironment to carry out their cytotoxic functions. The success of cancer adoptive cell therapies depends on the expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patient derived tumors for their personalized systemic infusion back into individual patients, along with the capacity of