Chester Alan Arthur The 21st President

	Graduating from Amherst in 1895, Coolidge became a lawyer in the offices of John Hammond and Henry Field at Northampton Massachusetts. Though he practiced much law at Northampton, he never prospered as an attorney, yet was still able to earn enough in his practice to eventually become financially independent in such a short time. ("American Presidency").

The 1883 Pendleton Act was just what America need to get away from machine politics. The act instituted a merit based system of competitive exams, requiring that civil servants prove their skills in order to be hired to a government office (Cashman 4). The Pendleton Act did not cover all government jobs.

“No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted, and no one ever retired … more generally respected.” -Alexander K. McClure, newspaper editor and publisher. Chester Alan Arthur, also known as “The Gentleman Boss”, was the best president in US history. President Arthur was not expected to become president and wasn’t trusted, yet still lead this country very profoundly. President Chester Alan Arthur was also not only known as “The Gentleman Boss”, but as “Elegant Arthur” as well. He was called these names because of his elegant taste in clothing and his transformation of the Executive Mansion. President Chester Alan Arthur was a great man who did many things that helped benefit our country. He also was very dedicated to

This had upset the people who did not get the chance to be “spoiled” so the Mugwumps, people against the spoils system, wanted a merit system, a system where you get a job based off skill and knowledge instead of being promised it. In 1881 President Garfield was assassinated by Charles Gateau. Gateau said Garfield owed him because he helped him get elected and when Garfield did not “spoil” him he killed him, which provided support to the Mugwumps and their cause for a merit system. In 1883 the Pendleton Act was established which made it so all jobs were to be merit

In 1871, President Grant appointed Arthur as Collector of the port of New York. Arthur, like Grant, was a follower of the Spoils System. He served as vice- President until the time of Garfield's death. Upon becoming President he acted more as a status symbol than a government official. Arthur was always seen with the elite of Washington and other large cities. Congress, at the time, was also trying to limit some of the President's responsibilities.

Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886) was the 21st President of the United States, from 1881 to 1885. After practicing law in New York City, he served as quartermaster general in the New York Militia during the American Civil War. Rising quickly in the Republican political machine run by Senator Roscoe Conkling, he was appointed to the lucrative post of Collector of the Port of New York in 1871. In 1878 the new president, Rutherford B. Hayes, fired Arthur as part of a reform measure. When James Garfield won the Republican nomination for president in 1880, Arthur was nominated for vice president to balance the ticket. After Garfield's assassination, Arthur took up the cause of reform, supporting the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. He presided over the rebirth of the U.S. Navy but was criticized for failing to alleviate a growing federal budget surplus. Suffering from poor health, Arthur retired at the close of his term.

Then he became the Secretary of State in 1789 He then established Democratic-Republican party in 1793 and he became Vice President of the United States in 1796. Then he became President in 1801 and established University of Virginia in 1810. He made a lot of smart decisions and continued to make them and always thought 100 years ahead and thinking of how a decision would affect the next generation of

James Abram Garfield, 20th President of United States was born on November 19, 1831 in Ohio. His father died when he was only 17 months old, raised by his mother he attended school and went to work in his home town. A good student, James Garfield developed himself as a great speaker and passionate debater while attending college in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Later on he preached in church and went on to teach at Eclectic institute, got married in 1858 and had seven children. During the Civil war he joined the union army and led his infantry division to victory of Jenny's Creek in 1862. As a result he was promoted to Brigadier General and then as a Chief of Staff under General Williams S. Rosecrans commanding the army of Cumberland. During this period he ran for the congress on advice of President Abraham Lincoln and became the member of the house from Ohio. A republican by ideology, Garfield became a part of U.S. senate in 1880 and was later on elected as President of the United States in March 1881. After only 6 months on July 2, 1881 he was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, he survived the assassination attempt but could not survive the infection caused by the bullet lodged in his spine. Garfield died on September 19, 1881 at the age of 50 surviving for 80 days after the assassination attempt.

This is because he was the first president and set the foundation for the country’s government. The United States would not be the way it is today if we did not have

The following is a description of the spoils system according to Sherman Hollar editor of the book Pivotal Presidents: Andrew Jackson, “This is the practice of discharging members of the defeated political party from public office and replacing them with members of the winning party.” Andrew Jackson believed that federal employees were not obligated to hold their job for life and he replaced many government job holders with people who supported him. The spoils system is corrupt and often leads to unworthy men and women holding jobs not based on their qualifications or ability to do the job but however on the party in powers needs. Andrew Jackson was charged of abusing the spoils system because he removed about 20% of federal employees during his reign as president. 920 of these federal employees lost their jobs within the first eighteen months of his presidency. He claimed replacing these highly qualified individuals was making the government more democratic, however in actuality he did not care about democracy but getting his way and making sure his supporters were rewarded and his party had ultimate power. The Civil Service Act was passed by Congress in 1883 to help curb the unfairness that is the spoils

One shot fired and the whole country becomes paralyzed. April 14, 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre. Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth and became paralyzed after the shot. At the time Lincoln was sitting with his wife in the presidential box at the theatre when the shot rang out hitting Lincoln in the side of his head. The unjust assassination of President Lincoln being shot in the head caused distress leading to delayed plans of reconstruction, all of which was caused by the belief of one confederate sympathizer.

He was the first president to spend over 1 billion federal dollars. He was able to gain 6 states in the Union, more than any other President. He was able to establish relations with Central-AMerica. President Harrison helped make our Navy stronger including the addition of the first battleships. He was a lover of nature and helped with the Federal Reserve Act in 1891. In 1892 he helped with opening Ellis Island. He helped make an way for civil rights and in a attempt of voting right enforcement for African Americans was denied. Benjamin Harrison once over a period of thirty days, had made 140 different speeches. He was the first and only president from Indiana so

school when the Civil War broke out so never got to finish college. After the war he became a

Eight presidents have died in office of the United States of America. Four of those eight have been assassinated. President Abraham Lincoln was the first to be assassinated. Lincoln’s assassination threw the nation into depression and a hunt to find the assassin.

Arthur Ashe was born in Richmond, Virginia on July 10th 1943. Born into a country