Chhi 301 Papacy Paper

religion. The Papal Authority on the other hand had a monumental task of keeping Catholicism

The Crusades also changed the role of the Catholic church. During the Crusades, the Byzantine emperor asked the Catholic church to help with the ridding of the Turkish Muslims since they had taken over Jerusalem. The Catholic Church supported the Crusades and tried to convert everyone to Christianity; those who disagreed were killed. This caused the Catholic Church to gain power and become very wealthy which resulted in more people converting over. One of the lasting impacts was on the relationship between the Greek and Latin churches. The Crusades put an end to any sense of reconciliation between the East and the West. Europe was no longer a central identifying force.

After the 4th century when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church center, tensions sometimes arose between its leaders and the bishop of Rome. After the fall of Rome to Germanic invaders in 476, the Roman pope was the only guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He began more explicitly to attribute his dominance to Rome's being the burial place of Saint Peter, whom Jesus had called the "rock" on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians respected that tradition and recognized the Roman patriarch to a measure of honorable authority. But they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to overrule another church or that it made the pope into a universally reliable figure within the larger

In response to the how and why the papacy in Rome became the center of power as it did. Shortly after

The papacy assumed so much power in the 1200 because it had gained loyalty from a great amount of people for practical purposes.With a lot of people showing loyalty and trust towards the Papacy, it was able to expands its power over Europe. Since the papacy was the most influential and advanced government during its time it had “legislative power, law courts, bureaucracy, formal procedures, written records and considerable incomes from fees,

During his letter he talks about how the council assembled and how Pope Urban II exhorted all to resume the powers of their faith and arouse in themselves a fierce determination to overcome the machinations of the devil, and to try fully to restore Holy Church, cruelly weakened by the wicked, to its honorable status as of old. He also stated that another tribulation not less but greater than that already mentioned, even of the worst nature, was besetting Christianity from another part of the world. If you allow them to continue much longer they will conquer God’s faithful people much more extensively. Therefore, he urged the people, as heralds of God, to go out and exterminate this vile race from our lands and to aid the Christian inhabitants in time. I believe this connected back to having faith and what caused Christianity to become important during medieval Europe. As God’s people, they came together as one in order to fight for their freedom. They had faith that if God brought them through theirs then they should be able to come together and do the same for their fellow Christians with the guidance of the

If we travel back to the year 1500, the Church (what we now call the Roman Catholic Church) was very powerful both politically and spiritually in Western Europe. For some time the Church was seen as an institution weighed down by internal power struggles. Popes and Cardinals often lived more like kings than spiritual leaders. Popes claimed political as well as spiritual power. They commanded armies, made political alliances and enemies, and, sometimes, even waged war.

In addition to the horrors carried out by the Seljuk horde on Christians and their shrines, the Byzantines were also begging the pope to protect their empire from other Turkish tribes. Urban II's main incentive for answering this plea for help was not entirely contingent on the letter he received from the Holy Roman Emperor, but more so from the notion that the Eastern and Western sects of the church could be unified. Moreover, they might be fused under the Pope, granting him sovereignty over the entire Christian church. This Papal hope has been revealed to historians through, among other sources, the different accounts of his speech at Clermont. For example, Guibert of Nogent recalls the pope declaring: "And you ought, furthermore, to consider with the utmost deliberation, ..., that the Mother of churches should flourish anew to the worship of Christianity, whether perchance, [God] may not wish other regions of the East to be restored to the faith against the approaching time of the Antichrist" (Peters, Guibert of Nogent, 35). Unfortunately, the Holy Roman Emperor feared his throne was in jeopardy due to the large number of crusaders that arrived to drive out the Turks. He demanded that they press on towards the Holy Land, and for reasons that need not be discussed, strong ties with the Papacy were severed soon

The Pope addressed the crowd by saying, “...accursed race, a race utterly alienated for God, a generation forsooth which has not entrusted its spirit to Go, has invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by the sword, pillage and fire.” The Pope’s purpose was to enrage the crowd and turn them against the Muslims. He used their hate to encourage greed and vengeance. The religious leaders, “...constrained all sorts of men, by vain preaching, to set out against the Saracens in order to liberate Jerusalem.” When the First Crusade began, the Christians followed the propaganda and believed that their actions would secure them a spot in heaven.

In 1054 centuries of attempts by the Latin Church to assert supremacy over the Patriarchs of the Eastern Empire led to a permanent division in the Christian church called the East–West Schism.[21] Following the Gregorian Reform, an assertive, reformist papacy attempted to increase its power and influence. Beginning around 1075 and continuing during the First Crusade, the Investiture Controversy was a power struggle between Church and state in medieval Europe over whether the Catholic Church or the Holy Roman Empire held the right to appoint church officials and other clerics.[22][23] Antipope Clement III was an alternative pope for most of this period, and Pope Urban spent much of his early pontificate in exile from Rome. The result was intense piety and an increased interest in religious affairs amongst the general population in Catholic Europe and religious propaganda by the Papacy advocating a just war to reclaim Palestine from the Muslims. The majority ecumenical view was that non-Christians could not be forced to accept Christian baptism or be physically assaulted for having a different faith; a minority believed that vengeance and forcible conversion were justified responses to the denial of Christian faith and government.[24] Participation in a crusade was seen as a form of penance that could counterbalance

He was young and incapable, and gave the papacy a bad name by acting sinfully. The people lost respect for the church, and could no longer view it as the ideal way of life. These views were altered in the High Middle Ages when the papacy became increasingly powerful in a prosperous time. The centralization of the church enabled Christianity to revitalize the spirit and faith of the Church. The church was organized by several reforming movements of the cluny, monastery, and papacy. Corruption was cleansed by new clerical laws, in addition to the canon law, that banned simony, clerical marriages, and immorality in the church. The succession of popes became more favorable because the expectations of the pope were heightened, as he was seen as a leader of faith having the grandest morals. Pope Gregory VII brought hope to the people by wanting to establish "right order in the world," and this stimulated people to regain faith in Christianity. Christianity influenced art, literature, and education. Art and architecture were ways to demonstrate Christian belief through divine cathedrals, paintings of biblical scenes, and portraits of popes. Charlemagne initiated the increase of literacy importance by instituting schooling in monastic communities. Changes in education during this time period were the foundation of cathedral schools, interests in ancient texts, and the education of the common people with the

In the void left by the collapse of the Roman Empire, the bishop of Rome grew even more in both power and prestige beginning in the sixth century and continuing to the reformation in the ninth century. It is the aim of this paper to explain how and why the papacy in Rome became the center of power of the medieval world, the factors contributing to this dominance over Western Europe, and the positive and negative ramifications of the position becoming so powerful. Through this paper you will discover how papacy was able to fill the vacuum of power left by the fall of an empire.

People faced the rise and the fall of the Catholic Church during the medieval time. The Popes used to hold the final authority for the church and over the state. Pope Gregory VII asserted the Pope had granted the divine power from God because Saint Peter was the first of getting this

At this time, and at the start of the crusades, the Pope had little real power over Christianity. Urban was hoping that the Crusades would help strengthen his power and possibly help religious beliefs become more a part of daily life among the general population in Europe. In General, the Crusades were seen as a way for the Pope to gain political power over the uncontrolled warrior class. Urban felt that the best way to unite followers is a Holy War, where Christianity is everyone’s standard.

St. Leo the Great was pope during the middle of the 5th century. This was very troubling times for the Roman Empire. The barbarian armies were trying to destroy the once mighty empire. St. Leo the Great was a very powerful teacher and leader. As a deacon of the Roman Church, before being elevated to the office of Pope in 440 A.D., St. Leo the Great had opposed the heresy of Pelagianism which taught that grace was not necessary for salvation, but was rather a bonus that god granted to those who earned it by their good works . St. Leo the Great is perhaps most famous for his persuading techniques he used with Attila the Hun. He was able to persuade Attila the Hun to abandon the plans he had to destroy the city of Rome and to also withdraw his forces beyond the Danube River. Just a short three years later he saved Rome from the vandals again. He couldn’t stop them from invading this time; however he led negotiations with their leader which prevented the burning of the city.