Chicago During The World's Fair, Chicago

Using descriptive diction such as “eerie” and “swamp” readers can imagine an unpleasant city rustling with filth and crime. Larson exposes that Chicago had “auras of mosquitoes” in its midst. Readers automatically see Chicago as a filthy and troublesome town when they associate it with mosquitoes. This view of Chicago created by Larson further achieves his purpose to show the downside of Chicago during the time the World Fair was being constructed and attended. When the World Fair was finished, Larson described the nights, “the lamps that laced every building and walkway produced the most elaborate demonstration of electric illumination ever attempted” (254). Larson says the lamps “laced” the walkways in the white city which allows readers to picture the city in a whimsical way. The feeling of the word “laced” sits with readers in a positive way. Thus, Larson can achieve the purpose of forcing readers to see the white city in a luxurious fashion. Also, Larson mentions that the lighting was “elaborate.” Readers see the white city as a sophisticated and lavish place rather than how they see the black city. Larson again is able to persuade readers into believing the magic of the white city. Larson calls upon imagery to construct the two sides of Chicago.

Daniel Burnham had to overcome many manmade and natural obstacles in building the World’s Fair. The most important obstacle Burnham had to overcome was time. He was only given three years to build the World’s Fair. Daniel Burnham hired four

Larson’s use of charged language exemplifies the coinciding good and evil in the world, especially the fair, at that time. Americans at the time describe the fair as an “inexhaustible dream of beauty” (252) which assures them that nothing evil can happen while such a monumental event in American history occurs. Larson’s word choice of “dream” and “beauty” expose to the reader that the grandeur of the fair blinds the people to the fact that

The 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, more formally known as the Columbian Exposition, was a fair constructed to celebrate Columbus’ arrival in the New World. Chicago was known as the White City, but did not appear as pure and spotless as its name suggested. For instance, there were many ways one could get killed. “Fire took a dozen lives a day...There was diphtheria, typhus, cholera, influenza. And there was murder.” (Larson 12). These unstoppable causes of death was one of the reasons Chicago’s reputation was tarnished. Furthermore, the Panic of 1893 struck and greatly affected the city of Chicago. The Panic’s effects included “financial crises”, “bankruptcy”, and “high rates of unemployment and homelessness”. (Panic of 1893). Because of the city’s economic depression, the fair would decide whether Chicago’s circumstances would improve or deteriorate. Eventually, the 1893 Chicago’s World Fair displayed what America would soon become in an industrial, military, and economic perspective.

Throughout parts I and II of the novel, Larson switches between the plotline of Burnham and the plotline of Holmes. The 1893 Chicago World’s Fair is introduced in chapter two. In this chapter we are also given more

“Chicago was nothing more than a greedy, hog-slaughtering backwater.” (Larson pg 13). This wasn’t how Burnham wanted people to look at Chicago. In order to influence the public to have a better attitude towards the city, he had to ensure that the World’s Fair was perfect. Burnham knew that failure would take away from his political power, as well as the city’s reputation. “Failure would bring humiliation from which the city would not soon recover, given how heartily its leading men had boasted that Chicago would prevail.” (Larson pg 13). By establishing the quality of the fair, Burnham is attempting to gain some favorable popularity for himself as well as Chicago. The fair’s success boosted political power and reputation for Chicago and Burnham. “Both Harvard and Yale granted him honorary master’s degrees in recognition of his achievement in building the fair...For him the awards were a form of redemption.” (Larson pg 376). Burnham failed to gain admission to both universities but after he built the fair they acknowledged his proficiency. His success increased his power and public reputation. “Burnham tried to anticipate every conceivable threat to the fair. Aware of Chicago's reputation for vice and violence, Burnham insisted on the creation of a large police force, the Columbian Guard, and placed it under the command of Colonel Edmund Rice, a man

From the beginning, Larson uses methods of comparing and contrasting to create a juxtaposition between the beauty of the fair and the problems it causes. This becomes apparent due to the continuous tone shifts moving from an objective re-telling of events to eerie descriptions of devastation and violence. One example is the chapter “Night Is The Magician” when compared to the chapter “Storm and Fire”; the first alluringly describes the fair stating that it was “beautifully unlike” anything visitors were used to seeing. While the other chapter describes the fire that broke out at the fair and resulted in the deaths of several firemen present. The difference between the tone used in these chapters effectively highlights not only Larson’s argument, but also the large gap between what the public experienced and the distress experienced by those running the fair. Along with changes in tone, diction with conflicting connotations furthers the duality of the book. In times of success the author uses words with a more lively connotations such as “otherworldly” or “majesty”, while other chapters seem very hopeless due to diction like “degradation” or “wobbling”. His use of alternating story lines contributes by giving readers a look into Holmes’ vicious methods of killing, while continuing to provide a more detached look at Burnham, Root, and Olmsted’s deterioration as they become inundated

When acknowledging the turnout of Chicago’s fair, Larson uses figurative language to demonstrate the contesting forces of good and evil and to examine the extent to which Chicago stretched the fair’s potential. Larson writes, “Chicago has disappointed her enemies and astonished the world” (30). Larson uses personification when he says that “Chicago has disappointed her enemies…” and is giving Chicago a human behavior. This strategy emits a positive connotation to the reader . The use of figurative language makes the reader look at Chicago as having achieved a great honor by hosting the fair. It also shows that Chicago can create something so miraculous in a time of such hardship and need for ingenuity and amidst the evil waiting within the shadows of the White City. When describing the tension in the top floor of the Rookery while the architects were revealing their drawings for the fair, Larson writes “As the light began to fade, the architects lit the library’s gas jets, which hissed like mildly perturbed cats” (115) and he uses figurative language to help the reader grasp the importance and anticipation of this moment. By comparing the library’s gas jets to “mildly perturbed cats,” the reader gains a sense of agitation, anticipation, and the anxiety that the architects were feeling in that moment. Larson creates a negative and rather comforting connotation by using this simile to describe the room’s tension. The way that Larson describes this moment leads the reader to imagine it to be

Larson uses irony when he states that the fair had “begun with death” and how it had “ended with death” (Larson 332). The beginning of the fair had many issues with construction and was essentially failing to attract as many visitors as needed,  as well as being the very beginning of the murderous intentions of H.H. Holmes, hence the fair “[beginning] with death.” The fair also literally “ended with death” at the very end of the novel, when Mayor Harrison is murdered, and a funeral was what ended the fair. Larson also uses irony when calling the fair “perfect,” the “grace and beauty” was so great that nobody believed that anything “truly bad could happen to anyone, anywhere” during the duration of the fair (Larson 289). The words used here demonstrate irony in that while spectators believed that nothing bad could happen during the fair, much darker things were going on just behind the curtain of beauty that the fair set up. The “grace and beauty” of the fair blinded the public from noticing the steadily rising count of women who went missing, so that Holmes was able to murder without attracting too much attention to himself. The irony used by Larson captures the view of the fair as a wonderful experience, but under all the fancy lights and amazing sights, an underlying darkness is consuming the city of

Given the nickname the "White City" because of its elegant and pristine buildings, the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893 was one of the most powerful events in American history. There were long lasting impacts on American culture, economy, and technology- the fair brought new advancements in virtually every aspect of daily life. It was held “to commemorate Columbus’s discovery of the New World” (Larson 15). The fair was a symbol of the expertise America possessed, but simultaneously highlighted the hardships that surrounded it. The fair increased wages, marketed more products for public use, and produced architectural feats that challenged the ones that stood at the 1889 Exposition Universelle. There was much more to the fair behind the showstopping displays that it created. Behind the exotic Algerian belly dancers and astonishing replicas of famous cities, the corporate world was establishing its dominance. Labor unions struggled to fight for fair wages and working time. Although disturbances and disagreements in the construction of the fair foreshadowed a negative ending, breakthroughs such as white lead paint and the Ferris Wheel attracted many visitors. The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 is a vivid exhibit of the independent cultural, economical, and technological superpower that America would grow to become in the future.

The Chicago World’s Fair occurred in 1893 to commemorate American history, specifically the landing of Christopher Columbus. This event had such a mass popularity that a book was written to commemorate the fair itself; it was titled, The Devil In The White City by Erik Larson. The portrayal of history in this novel is quite accurate when expressing the time period of the late nineteenth century in an elevated format, which allows the reader to draw comparisons of how the time mirrors the present, as well as differences in the ways it contrasts modern living, and most importantly allows a grasp of a total picture of the time period itself.

Olmsted had written Burnham a letter about adding something new to the fair and BUrnham didn’t quite like his idea. Larson writes, “Burnham had devoted the last two years to creating an impression of monumental beauty”. (277) Here Burnham had worked so hard to create something for the people to enjoy. Yet when you think of what Holmes have spent his years doing of creating a hotel, his castle for people to enjoy and be comfortable. When his true intentions happened to be for his own personal enjoyment instead of others. These two different men show the two of the many sides of Chicago many people still haven’t realized. As of this moment the fair was coming to an end and the people were mourning over it going away. Larson also writes, “The fair was so perfect, its grace and beauty like an assurance that for as long as it lasted nothing truly bad could happen to anyone, anywhere”. (289).This was funny because we all know that was nowhere near the

     The Fair, with its mix of East and West and everything in between, became a microcosm of the country that was building it. In it, you see all the conflicts that were going on in the country at the time. Probably the most obvious is the labor that built the fair. At this point in history, the working class of the country, and indeed the world, were slowly, but unstoppably moving toward unionization, fairer working conditions and change that is very much the same as the working class of today. You also saw the unchecked, without government regulated capitalism, and the very strong personalities of the men who ran the fair. In my opinion, it was the personalities of the leaders of the fair, as much as anything, that resulted in its amazing pace and scale of construction being pulled off. Burnham is a

The thought of Chicago hosting the world’s fair would be daunting at first, but it could turn around the reputation of Chicago from one of a city of gloom and darkness, to one of a city of light and progress from the Great Chicago fire of 1871, and that city would be fascinating for years to come. Chicago would get an economic shot in the arm from the revenue that it would get from hosting the 1893 World Fair and it would make Chicago into a great city of America. The event and also the transformation that would happen to the city of Chicago would not have happened if it would not be for one great man who had taken up the challenge to make sure to host this 1893 World fair.

The architects from the east come and visit Chicago and Jackson Park. The architects are very unimpressed with Jackson Park for the site of the fair. Root becomes very sick, but the architects continue to work without Root. Things seemed to getting better for Root in terms of health when all of a sudden he dies. Burnham contemplates quitting the fair but persists.