Child Abuse And Neglect

It is recognised that that it is abuse when someone inflicts harm or fails to prevent it. Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community setting, by those known to them or by a stranger, for example, via the internet. Child abuse can have major long-term effects on all aspects of a child's health, development and well being. The main forms of ill-treatments are:

The things people through because of love or out of fear may surprising. Physical abuse is a wide range problem that affects many Americans today especially children and their development. This topic was covered by Jamie Hanson’s research on how the child’s brain development was affected by serious abuse and stress. Sarah Font also researched how abuse affects cognitive performance in school. Pamela Korsmeyer in addition researched how many children are abused and have died from abuse.

“There are situations of where the child shuts down and stays in his own world. Studies have shown a link between child abuse and delayed intellectual development. The child loses his ability to adapt to his or her environment leading to poor cognitive development. The child produces feelings of guilt, violation, loss of control and lowered self-esteem sometimes with suicidal tendencies. Common problems include emotional and behavioral problems, poor performance in school, and possible further abuse (Husted).

There are significant signs of psychological trauma due to any kind of abuse. Children experience feelings of low self esteem and depression. Many exhibit behavioral problems including aggression towards other children. Other emotional problems include hostility, fear, humiliation and the inability to express feelings. The social impacts of physical abuse include inability to form relationships, poor social skills, poor cognitive language skills, distrust of others, over-compliance with authority figures, and tendency to solve interpersonal problems with aggression. (2008, p. 1). Verbal and physical abuse has a cumulative impact on children’s socialization. Abused children are caught in damaged relationships and are not socialized in positive, supportive way (Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010, p. 196). They learn defiance, manipulation and other problem behaviors that are used to escape any maltreatment. In turn they will learn to exploit, degrade and terrorize.

Child maltreatment is implicated as a risk factor in many disorders, ranging from externalizing such as conduct disorder to internalizing such as anxiety or depression. In the text, they propose a question as to the timing of abuse. Does the abuse come as a reaction of the parents because the child is difficult to manage? Or does difficult behavior such result from the abuse? Research has shown that children that may be harder to manage such as disabilities are at higher risk for abuse (Textbook). But based on the widespread problem of child maltreatment that is not isolated solely to children with disabilities, it seems that the answer would be both. A parent with insufficient internal resources such as a lack of emotional regulation, may stem from their own early experiences or abuse or neglect, causes them to potentially maltreat their child in a similar way that they were.

In other instances, the parent can confiscate the child’s belongings or force the children to strip down naked and be photographed as a form of punishment. Considering the types of abuse that these children experience, there are psychological effects that can affect their life as they get older. The effects of household abuse can extend outside the home and affect the child in their performance in society. “Children Exposed to Domestic Violence” states that children exposed to family violence can experience difficulties in paying attention and staying on task (Geffner 39). Abused children are prone to externalizing problems which causes children to act out. Externalizing problems include temper tantrums, impulsivity, hyperactivity, aggression, conflict, cruelty and bullying. Another issue that abused children develop are internalizing problems. Internalizing problems are issues such as headaches, sleep disturbances, anxiety, fear of separation, social withdraw and depression. This overall causes the children to be less engaged in tasks and in normal behaviors.

Sneddon (2003) explained emotional abuse as the emotional mistreatment or negative response of the child. Emotional abuse can include sustained rhythmic inappropriate emotional responses and reactions to the child’s emotions and behavior. For example, an inappropriate response may involve a parent getting angry with the child in reaction to the child unintentionally breaking something and yelling at the child extremely or calling the child names. In addition, other emotionally abusive behaviors include terrorizing or belittling the child, isolating them from others, and rejection. Turner et al. (2012) added that emotional maltreatment might include hostile parenting, such as poor stability, inconsistency, negative interactions, low nurturing, coercion, and rejection of the child.

Many children who experience abuse mentally, physically, or sexually tend to have troubles performing academically well in school. Maltreatment was predicted to negatively affect children 's academic and behavioral alteration through the creation of discrepancies in academic engagement, social capabilities, ego resiliency, and ego control (Shonk, S. M., & Cicchetti, D. 2001). My research question is to try and answer whether the association between child abuse by parents is related to the child’s academic performance. Child maltreatment is an important public health problem that affects more than 1 million children in the United States each year (Perzow, S. E. D., Petrenko, C. L. M., Garrido, E. F., Combs, M. D., Culhane, S. E., & Taussig, H. N., 2013). Nearly 5 million calls were made to child welfare agencies throughout the United States in 2000 to report child abuse, and about 2 million of the children discussed about in these calls were tried to be victims of child maltreatment (Crozier, J. C., & Barth, R. P.,2005). Compared to the general these students earn lower grades, have lower levels of overall standardized achievement, are at greater risk for grade repetition, and inexplicably drop out of school (Stone, S., & Zibulsky, J., 2015). Maltreatment is also associated with mental health problems, such as dissociation, that may damage academic

“The academic performance of maltreated children reflects their cognitive impairments; both abuse and neglect have been associated with large deficits on both mathematics and language tests, with neglect having the strongest association with poor achievement (Eckenrode et al., 1993; Wodarski et al., 1990). The performance of children who have been abused reflects on the way they handle their academics. The stress can cause them to be unfocused and unaware of their surroundings in an educational setting. This can be due to the fear they have from their conditions and from the treatment they receive at home. Their minds are so occupied with fear and the unknown, that they forget to focus on what will benefit them in the future- their

There are generally three types of abuse. They include psychological, sexual, and physical abuse. Child abuse can be described in many different ways. Some people will describe abuse as spanking a child. While others think that abuse only happens when someone uses an instrument to beat a child or inflicts such violence on a child that they end up dying. These are two very different ends of the spectrum. Child abuse is much more than the physical abuse we are often exposed to by the media.

Child abuse and neglect have immediate and long-term consequences. In addition to negatively impacting the child, child abuse and neglect impacts the family, the school community, and even future generations. The ability to survive and be successful in the face of child abuse and neglect depends on a variety of factors, including the extent and type of abuse or neglect, whether it was continual or infrequent, the age of the child when abuse was initiated, the child’s relationship to the abuser, and how the abuse or neglect was responded to. Outcomes are also dependent on the child’s personality traits, inner strength, and the support the child receives from those around them. It is important to acknowledge that some children will not develop behavioral problems, so it cannot be assumed that a

Child abuse is a term impacted by copious multidimensional and interactive factors that relate to its origins and effects upon a child's developing capacities and which may act as a catalyst to broader, longer-term implications for adulthood. Such maltreatment may be of a sexual, physical, emotional or neglectful nature, each form holding a proportion of shared and abuse-specific psychological considerations (Mash & Wolfe, 2005). Certainly in terms of the effects / impairments of abuse, developmental factors have been identified across all classifications of child abuse, leading to a comparably greater risk of emotional / mental health problems in adult life within the general population

The issue of child abuse and neglect is serious, controversial, and is escalating in today’s society. Many people are not aware, but child abuse is rampant in our society. Many child abuse and neglect cases go unreported because a person may not know the signs and symptoms of child abuse and neglect or perhaps the person or person may feel that this is an private issue and needs to be handle with in the home and no outsiders should be involved. Without the proper awareness of child abuse and neglect and the involvement of everyone this issue will continue to raise our eyebrows.

Child abuse/ child neglect has been an interest of mine after I read the book Child called IT written by Dave Pelzer. Since then it has been an interest of mind to distinguish the causes of maltreatment towards a child. At a young age, I was aware the great involvement of socio-economic factors had for child neglect. As I grew older and became aware of my families’ socio-economic status and started comparing myself with the children in my neighborhood, who also had similar socio-economic status. It became clear to me that although we, (the kids in my neighborhood and myself) shared the same socio-economic status, we difference in how we were raised. I believe studying parental attribution is important to the field of developmental psychology. Psychologist like Erik Erikson discussed the importance of parent involvement in child’s development. Giving society a way to depict risk factors and warning signs for child neglect and provide resources for family, mostly single-parent household in which child neglect is present. I will be reviewing the journal article “Child Neglect and Maternal Cross-Relational Social Cognitive and Neurocognitive Disturbances” written by Sandra T. Azar, Devin J McGuire and Elizabeth A. Miller. An article discussing the correlation study conducted to show the relationship between child neglect and maternal cross-relational social cognitive and neurocognitive disturbance.

There are different types of child abuse. However the core* of child abuse is all the same. It always leaves a huge effect on the child. Children need predictability*, structure, clear