Child Abuse Sourcebook By Juntunen

A once bright and chatty child may become withdrawn and shy away from adult attention. The child maybe showing signs of aggressive behaviour and/or exhibiting signs of self harm. Abuse can affect a child from infancy through to adolescence and then into adulthood. It can set back a child's physical development, such as a tense mealtime can affect the child’s ability to eat.

Published case reviews draw special attention on the professionals lack of knowledge and confidence when assessing risk in children coming from various religions and cultural backgrounds. A lack of understanding of these two key components, might put at significant risk the children's welfare, leading professionals to overlook certain situations and to offer inadequate support or lower standards of care (NSPCC, 2017).

A type of child abuse is Physical abuse, this refers to a violent interaction with a child a parent's in which the parent inflicts bodily harm on to their child. Emotional abuse is abuse in which parents hurt their child’s feeling of rejection, abandonment, belittlement, name-calling, threatening, isolation or exploitation their child. Sexual abuse is when a child has exposed sex-related talk to sex-related actions that inflict some sort of harm on to a child. Neglect is another form of abuse where parents fail to care for their child’s basic needs, fail to provide a decent standard of living for their child and safety.

Practitioners and professionals working with children on a daily basis are in a good position to notice changes in a child's or young person’s behaviour which may be a possible sign of abuse. Children or young people may also confide in practitioners or allege that abuse has taken place.

Sexual abuse is usually identified by disclosure to. Recognising potential signs of abuse with in the child’s behaviour is essential. Physical signs include pain or itching in the genital area, bruising or bleeding near genital area, sexually transmitted disease, vaginal discharge or infection, stomach pains, discomfort when sitting or walking, pregnancy. Changes in behaviour which can indicate sexual abuse include, sudden or unexplained changes in behaviour e.g. becoming aggressive or withdrawn, fear of being left with specific person or group of people, nightmares, running away, sexual knowledge beyond their age, sexual drawings or language, saying they have a secret they cannot talk about, not allowed to have friends, acting in a sexually explicit way towards adults.

The indicators of physical abuse can include unexplained bruising, marks or injuries on any part of the body, multiple bruises, broken bones or even multiple burn marks. There can also be a change in behaviour while a child is being physically abused, such as; fear of parents being approached for an explanation, aggressive behaviour, flinching when approached or touched, depression, withdrawn behaviour or even running away from home.

The first signs I would look for are physical signs, such as; bruises, burns, scars and unexplained marks, bite marks for example. Injuries such as bruises are not necessarily an immediate sign of child abuse, however depending on the place in which the bruises were found and the shape and age of them, they could be a sign. For example in protected areas of the body such as inner thighs and the

Physical abuse is a non-accidental trauma which can refer to fractures or any other physical sign on the child’s body. Many children will have bruises, cuts, burns, and even bite marks. Physical child abuse is seldom ever a single event. Usually it occurs often and increasing in violence. A child abuser is usually close to the child, usually, but not all cases, a parent or guardian. Often the child feels they deserve this harsh punishment and most have very low self-esteem. Thus leading to developmental problems in school, very little friends, they may sit alone a lot and may be teased, or tease others and bully. Many children who have gone through physical abuse will also demonstrate some sort of negative behavior.

There are significant signs of psychological trauma due to any kind of abuse. Children experience feelings of low self esteem and depression. Many exhibit behavioral problems including aggression towards other children. Other emotional problems include hostility, fear, humiliation and the inability to express feelings. The social impacts of physical abuse include inability to form relationships, poor social skills, poor cognitive language skills, distrust of others, over-compliance with authority figures, and tendency to solve interpersonal problems with aggression. (2008, p. 1). Verbal and physical abuse has a cumulative impact on children’s socialization. Abused children are caught in damaged relationships and are not socialized in positive, supportive way (Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010, p. 196). They learn defiance, manipulation and other problem behaviors that are used to escape any maltreatment. In turn they will learn to exploit, degrade and terrorize.

The child may or may not be aware of what's happening. Children and young people that have been sexually abused have concerns that even if they’re able to discuss what has happened to them, no one will believe them. “Many experts believe that sexual abuse is the most underreported form of abuse because of the secrecy and ‘conspiracy of silence’ that comes with these cases.” (Thurston). Sexual abuse can happen to anyone but its most common among older school-aged children and adolescents.

However, all forms of child abuse carry emotional consequences because the child's psychological and emotional development inevitably suffers from all forms of abuse. An intervention model that would focus on emotional abuse could also focus on preventing other forms of abuse because violent behavior towards children often comes from the same underlying causes, and most risk factors for child maltreatment are associated with caregiver, family, and environmental factors (McDonald, 2007). With this in mind, a possible solution would have to include early detection, but the intervention would most likely focus on factors that cause all types of child abuse. Despite the widespread occurrences of all forms of abuse, emotional neglect or maltreatment are practically impossible to detect while they occur and impair the child's normal development and social integration. Emotional abuse includes includes verbal, mental, and psychological maltreatment of children, and it is frequently overlooked by the community and mental health professionals who do not define emotional abuse as a suitable factor for diagnostic purposes (as cited in Schneider, Baumrind, & Kimerling, 2007). In reality, emotional abuse is frequently used in many families, it occurs in several worldwide cultures, and it carries significant consequences that should not be overlooked.

INTRODUCTION: “Child Abuse occurs when a parent or a care taker physically, emotionally, or sexually mistreats or neglects a child resulting in the physical, emotional, or sexual harm or imminent risk of harm or exploitation, or in extreme cases the death of a child,” child abuse is a big deal because in today’s society many children face abuse, there are many effects and reasons as to why a child may be abuse.

Child Physical Abuse. (2015, September 19). Retrieved October 4, 2015, from http://www.americanhumane.org/children/stop-child-abuse/fact-sheet/child-physical abuse Glaser, D. (1995, October 28). Development after Physical Abuse in Early Childhood. Retrieved October 4, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/29729341

Physical abuse is the most common form that can be identified this usually involves the child being beaten by hand or objects, the child being thrown, the child being inflicted with bone breaking acts of violence for the parent's pleasure. Most common reasons that people physically abuse children is because of Unwanted responsibility, such as, when a person has child young or was not ready for child, the abuser had improper role models growing, such as, maybe their parents abused them and they think that okay because that's how they were treated as a child, social isolation could be another reason if they don't have the discipline of a child who was not abused the abuser, much like the improper role models, will this is an okay thing to do. Now you're probably looking for signs of abuse. Common signs could be unexplained injury or injuries in places that would not be caused easily by a simple fall or scrape like bruising on the stomach, neck, and upper back; not wanting to go home always not wanting to go home or showing signs of anxiety, nausea, and physical symptoms to going home could be a problem especially if the thought makes child physically sick, drastic changes in weight a child could become

Child abuse is a serious social problem in the world. Child abuse is defined as physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment by their parents, caregiver, and other people. The goal of this survey is to gather information about how people are aware of the child abuse in their community and society. My survey had five questions that were a mixture of close-ended and open-ended questions. Questionnaires help to get an appropriate response from the participant. The sample of this survey takes from a random population, such as international students and United States citizens.