Child Behavior Disorder Research Paper

One controversial area of pediatric (children's) medicine is in the treatment of condition called Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Symptoms of ADHD often include: hyperactivity, impulsive behavior and the inability to concentrate. In some instances, the symptoms extend beyond that into areas such as anti-social activities and even aggression.

Attention Deficit hyperactive disorder is a prevalent and ever rising affliction in modern societies. “According to the American Psychiatric Association (2009), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in school-aged children(Saemi 179)”.While the initial response to handling the syndrome is to medicate it and continually medicate to stem the Simpsons. This is not a temporary instance to cure the disease just a never ending cycle. It is my belief that not only is the medication over prescribed, but the alternative methods are to quickly overlooked. To clarify, I do not argue that the medication is uncalled for and should be removed. Only that everyone who has the condition should be

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a syndrome that is comprised of a variety of behaviors that often arises in early childhood and is characterized by extremely high levels of motor activity, difficulties with attention span and concentrating, and/or impulsive behaviors (Cook & Cash, 2011). It has been estimated in the United States that approximately 20% of children and adolescents display signs of a psychological or behavioral disorder according to Luthy, David, Macintosh, Eden, and Beckstrand (2015). ADHD is considered one of the more prevalent psychological disorders in children, with approximately 3-7% of school-age children with an ADHD diagnosis as mentioned by Luthy et al. (2015).

Over the past couple of decades there has been a huge increase in the diagnosis and prescriptions given out for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. According to a news report done by USA Today over the past five years use of ADHD medications have risen 40% totaling 39.5 million individual prescriptions ("New findings," 2009). When statistics like this are seen it is only normal for someone to ask questions. People are becoming curious about the legitimacy of the disorder, and whether or not the treatments being given to individuals are appropriate. The argument seems to be strong on both sides of the fence, but the extensive research done on ADHD leaves it hard for one to believe that it is a made up disorder.

Balentine, and Donald R. Lynam worked in attempt to prove that under the DSM diagnosis for ADHD, ADHD-I should not be categorized under the ADHD umbrella in their 2001 article titled, ADHD Combined Type and ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type Are Distinct and Unrelated. While their goal was to demonstrate that ADHD-I should be removed from the ADHD classification and is distinct and unrelated to ADHD, they acknowledge the need for research to further examine the variances within the currently labeled disorder. Removing a disorder from a classification is no small task. The ripple effect is large in terms of the documentation required as well as the new approach to treatment and prevention that would be required. If Milich et al. (2001) are clearly stating the need for additional research, then they are also recognizing an information gap. To ask for such a wide-reaching change to be applied when additional research is clearly necessary, is irresponsible. The research attained needs to confirm accuracy prior to making such a far-reaching

Females with ASD are significantly more vulnerable than their male counterparts to “delayed or missed diagnosis”, leaving them untreated and at significant risk for adverse psychosocial and medical outcomes (Lai, 2015). Second, understanding the etiology of the gender discrepancies in presentation of ASD will deepen our understanding of the disease from a nosological perspective and possibly lead to new and novel hypotheses about the conceptualization and treatment avenues of ASD. Specific Aims: To examine existing literature for genotypic and phenotypic differences between males and females diagnosed with ASD. While prior meta-analyses have examined the differences between males and females with ASD in the “core triad of impairments”, none have examined genetic variations as well as symptomatology (Van Wjingaarden-Cremers et al. 2014). As our nosological framework is limited in our understanding of gender’s effect on autism, examining both phenotypic and genotypic data such as neuroimaging (brain MRIs), and genetic analyses, could further our understanding. On examination of brain MRI, genetic mutation burden, and symptomatic impairments validated using various outcome measures such as the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence - Second Edition, Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition and the Child Behavior Checklist, females with

When dealing with adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD may become a challenge for many parents. Knowing the facts about this disorder and how to treat the problem is the key to a healthy lifestyle for adolescents as well as families. Many therapies and medications are available to families with children with ADHD but many questions that parents have with their children with ADHD is which therapy is best and what would work best with their children and their quality of life. The question of which therapy, alternative versus medication therapy would improve adolescent’s quality of life and behavior modification.

Being able to find answers, and enlightening material without searching through a plethora of biased data can relieve concerns as well as offer hope. The Mayo Clinic’s website is inviting to those who come looking to research ADHD. The website’s format is open and easily understandable. The sub-categories are listed on the left side of the webpage. They include the most common topics including symptoms, treatments, complications, and most important a comprehensible definition. There is an abundance of statistical information on alternative medication that is not usually found when researching Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. “But ADHD medication is seldom all that's needed to control oppositional behavior”(Flippin, 2015). The website also has a limited amount purchasable advertisements. The information listed fit into each subcategory

It is estimated that between 3 and 12 percent of the population has to deal with conditions known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This equals approximately 3 million children in the United States alone. Both of these disorders (ADD and ADHD) exhibit the same traits leading them to be lumped together. Children affected by ADD or ADHD have behavior and emotional problems. Trouble concentrating on simple tasks, a short attention span, failing to give attention to details, and disruptive behavior are a few of the problems resulting from

The overall statistics, according to the data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, shows that 1 in 68 children in the U.S has autism, 1 in 42 boys have autism while 1 in 189 girls has autism. Autism is so rare in females that, according to an article from the New York Times, they are considered to be “research orphans” because it so difficult to find enough females with the disorder to do a proper research on (Bazelon). Despite the lack of autistic female subject, there has been a lot of differences in the typical behavior of males and females with autism. According to Bazelon, young females tends to do better in behavior than males because they are less likely to set off tantrums and are easier to handle. However, as teenagers, girls tends to suffer from severe depression and anxiety because they are unable to maintain friendship with other females while some autistic males do maintain some friendships with other peers despite their awkwardness. Basically, most teenage females engage in a lot of social networks thus making bonds with typical females a challenge as autistic females do not share the same interests. Males do not face the same difficulties because their expectations are not as high as females. The huge difference of autism in gender is so significant that it even the typical gender roles are somewhat

To understand this, we must first understand what the recognized perception of autism is. For most of the public and many within the research community, autism is seen as a very masculine disease. Not only do males make up most of the population diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, but autism is also seen as an exaggeration of the stereotypical male brain. As a matter of fact, Simon Baron-Cohen, the scientist who discovered the “extreme male brain” (EMB) theory of autism, found that females on the autism spectrum displayed more masculinized personality traits. Baron-Cohen acknowledged that there was a slight difference in the severity of

The differences between males and females with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is a topic that has recently become more prevalent. In order to better diagnose, treat, and educate females with ASDs it is vital to understand the differences between the sexes. The dissimilarities between females and males with ASDs range from subtle variances to more obvious. According to Fornbonne (1999,2001), “boys are diagnosed with autism at a 4:1 ratio compared to girls.” Therefore, it is easy to understand why there is much more known about the diagnoses, treatment, and education that a male with autism receives and benefits from. Females with ASDs tend to fly under the radar since they exhibit different symptoms than males. They tend to be underdiagnosed and take longer to receive a diagnoses due to their lack of outward communication and behavior deficits. Parents and professionals have begun to question the 4:1 ratio for boys to girls with autism and wonder if the research studies that include more boys than girls and only take the symptoms of boys with ASDs into consideration may be hindering the ability to identify and treat girls with ASDs earlier. This research paper will explore what is currently known about females with autism, the differences between males and females with autism, the treatment and interventions that girls with autism benefit from,

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a high comorbidity level with developmental, learning and psychiatric problems. There are three types of ADHD; inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type and combination type. With inattentive type the child displays disorganization, is unable to complete tasks, becomes easily bored, and

Through much study, scientists have found that in certain genetic conditions, gender does play a role. Evan Eichler is a geneticist at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. Small studies had hinted that girls could endure far more harmful autism-linked mutations than boys before developing the disease. So he and colleagues decided to probe whether this association held up in a bigger group of people diagnosed with autism or with other disorders that trace to changes in how the brain develops. To do this, the team tapped into two large collections of genetic data. One came from more than 15,000 people with intellectual disabilities. A second came from 762 families, each with an autistic child. Eichler’s team suspects that parents of the kids in the two groups it studied had such mutations and then passed them along to their children. On average, females in both of the studied groups had more harmful mutations than did the males. This was true for large chunks of missing or repeated DNA as well as for small, single letter mutations. “No matter what class of mutation we looked at, females had more,” Eichler says. Consider

lives with is grandparents, parents and one younger sister. Grandparents speak Spanish. Parents and children speak Spanish and English. had been ill frequently during first grade and missed a number of days of school. Parents indicated enjoys school.