Child Behavior

children learning to read and write, as well as being an important predictor of reading in

The single most significant factor influencing a child’s early educational success and achievement is an introduction to books and being read to at home prior to beginning school. Parents must be literate to help their children succeed.

For reading comprehension, measures indicated a statistically significant difference (t (16) = -3.646, p<.05) and an effect size correlation of r =.67. Fluency measures also showed a significant difference (t (16) = -4.440, p<.05) and an effect size correlation of r =.74. The Composite score combining reading comprehension

Child behavior has been an ongoing controversial topic for years now. Child behavior has without a doubt gotten worse over the years. Statistics have proven that juvenile behavior has become increasingly worse due to things such as crime rates, teen pregnancies, unemployment rates, and more.

This literature review is my work in progress for my master`s final project at Washington State University. My chair Dr.Tom Salsbury recommended some of the articles that I included in this literature review. The key words are engagement, motivation, English language Learners, reading, struggling readers, parent involvement, home literacy, literacies, home-school connections, and funds of knowledge.

I conducted two assessments including, DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency (Fourth Grade Edition) and the CORE Reading Maze Comprehension Test. The results from this test suggested a strong focus in Fluency and a second focus on

Why poor children are more likely to become poor readers: the early years by Jennifer Buckingham*, Robyn Beaman and Kevin Wheldall. In this literature, they discuss low socio-economic disadvantage and poor early literacy. “Children from disadvantaged families are less likely to have experiences that encourage the development of fundamental skills for reading acquisition, specifically phonological awareness, vocabulary and oral language.” “The relationship between socio-economic disadvantage and poor reading ability is one of the most enduring problems in education. Socio-economic disadvantage is a relative concept referring to low socio-economic status, which is usually defined by income, occupation, education, or any combination of these. (Beaman, Buckingham, and Wheldall 428). This analytical proves and evaluates elements in this journal such as its claim, empirical data and its mention of opposing sides to state its effectiveness in relaying the message.

When separation threatens the relationship of two sisters, they make a goal to learn how to read and write but only Nettie had the ability to attend school she declared that “she will….’just have to go to school and learn for the both of them.’” Many cultures have different aspects of who can learn certain topics and what is an appropriate level for different individuals that can have a major influence on the cognitive development. The journal article, “All in the Family: Connecting Home and School with Family Literacy,” described of how children’s brains are like clay that can be molded and shaped in certain ways forming to the cultures approve behavior. There is no age limit on when children begin to read or begin learning, and parents have many opportunities to try new techniques to teach their child reading depending on culture believes. Every culture has different believes and strategies but these are technique that I have found can be applicable for many different cultures starting within the home.

Literacy is important for young children. It’s so much a child has to know before entering kindergarten. The Essentials of Early Literacy Instruction stressed the importance of teaching literacy. Early literacy is an emerging g set of relationships between reading and writing. Today a lot of terms have been referred to for literacy development for preschoolers the term that’s mostly used is early literacy. The term was chosen because the earliest forms of literacy development are forming reading and writing concepts. Linking early literacy to play is the most effective way to for young children to learn. There are many ways educators can teach literacy activities such as rich teacher talk, storybook reading, phonologic awareness activities, alphabet activities, support for emergent writing, shared book experience, integrated, and content-focused activities, Young children understand print by oral and written language. Asking students to help read a book and turn the page help them understand the basics of a book. There are at least three critical content categories in early literacy: oral language comprehension, phonological awareness, and print knowledge. Children need to learn phonological awareness, alphabet letter knowledge, the function of written language, a sense of meaning making texts, and vocabulary. Alphabetic writing is quite difficult once children understand the language of their community they learn which words stand for which concepts in that language.

Through this week learning resources, I have learned that there are evidences that demonstrate that when a child has limited experiences he or she is more likely to have difficult comprehending what is read. It is why early childhood professionals affirm that oral language is the foundation for literacy development. Everything that children learn about speaking and listening they use for writing and reading and what they learn from writing and reading they use in listening and speaking. In other words, oral language and literacy develop simultaneously. When parents provide rich language and literacy reinforcement at home, children do better in school than those who do not. It is also known for early childhood professionals that for a child with limited experiences is more difficult comprehending what is read. For example, a child who has being exposed to many environments like a farm or like a museum will have more mentally engagement in classrooms activities about things he or she already know that children who have not had experience in those environments. Many researches showed that children that have not have a literacy development or an oral language development years before formal schooling, are less likely to be successful beginning readers, opening an achievement lag that might last through the primary grades. Some of the reasons why parents are not actively involved into their children’s educations are their socioeconomic or legal status. For example, in an immigrant family sometimes both parents have to work and sometimes they have to work two shifts. I have known families where children are the whole day in school and with nannies. Those children do not develop any skills that help them to succeed at the time of attending forming school.

Children of divorce can act out to show the pain and suffering they may be experiencing. Large numbers of children that go through the divorce of their parents will flip from being an adequate child, to being a disobedient one. Now this may demand time, however it can happen swiftly. For example, my brother and I are children of divorce. He took the unhealthy route while I took a little different route than that. Acting out can consist of multiple behaviors consisting of fighting, attitudes with authority, and unacceptable grades. It is really unfortunate that some children choose the dangerous path and carry out lousy decisions in life, but in a new perspective, children of divorce may not act out. They keep the emotions to themselves coping

The family is having difficulties with the two youngest siblings acting out because they feel as if their parents did not want them. Zack is having trouble deciding if he should attend college or not. The reason why this is an issue because Zack feels if he goes to school he will not be able to take care of his sisters and spend time with them like he used to. Also, if he goes to school he would not be bringing in money like he uses to in order to care for his family. Grandmother Mary wants Zack to go to school so he can make more money in the long-term. She feels as if it is not Zack responsibility to take care of them.

Constructive early language and literacy development can be an ally to opening a child’s (ren) imagination; this will enhance and empower their potential to become successful readers. As the children grow (birth to 3 yrs. old) their brain goes through an extradinary developmental process and they begin to think, learn, communicate and rationalize things. When this early developmental stage is not being nourished the child will feel the affects of it in the long run. Children that come from low-income families that are enrolled in schools are affected the most. Educators and parents can assist these children by giving them the support (early-on) that they need to sustain a healthy learning environment. As educators it is our duty to create an environment that will help in this process.

National Reading Panel define fluency as "reading text with speed, accuracy, and proper expression."(2000, p. 3-1). Reading Fluency has three interdependent distinct elements which are accuracy, rate, and prosody. Several decades of scientific research by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD], clearly shows effective reading instruction addresses five critical areas: Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension. Research points out that Reading Fluency helps build a bridge between basic word decoding and comprehension.

Many students are passed on through the education system without having proper reading skills. These skills consist of fluency, comprehension, and phonemic awareness. Reading skills are foundational building blocks for elementary aged students. Students who lack proper reading skills, such as fluency or the rate in which they read, will ultimately lack comprehension of what they are reading due to the amount of time in which it takes the students to read. This leads to the question, how does fifth grade students lack of fluency affect his or her reading comprehension? Unfortunately, because reading skills taught in kindergarten and first grade focus mainly on phonemic