Essay on Child Birth

The idea of childbirth over time has been viewed in at least three different ways: as a social natural occurrence; as a passage to an early death; and in present times as a medical procedure needed when having children. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century childbirth was seen as a social celebration conducted by midwives, while in the nineteenth century fear of death arose due to an increase of maternal mortality rates. This time period also served as a transition time between the elimination of the midwife and the emergence of the physician. The transition was due to attitude changes and medical knowledge understanding. During the twentieth century, biological knowledge expanded and thus the idea of childbirth was medicalized into a medical procedure needed to have healthy children. Childbirth once seen as a natural phenomenon was now an event that needed medical attention by health facilitators at institutions of health. The ideas around childbirth developed based on the knowledge, cultural setting, mortality rates, and professionals available at the time. Based on these ideas it is easy to see how social and behavioral aspects influenced childbirth throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth, ninetieth and twentieth centuries. In addition, communities’ views on childbirth were influenced by the development of public health infrastructure, public health policy advancement and how well public officials were able to disseminate information.

Premature birth has been linked to a vast array of lungs problems, the earlier the birth the greater risk of health complications(Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). A majority of the health problems will affect the infant for the rest of their life (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Infants born between the canalicular and the saccular period (week 25) have lung development that is unsuitable for gas exchange (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Two major complications that arise with undeveloped lungs is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (Mahgoub L. et al. 2017).

During the first stage of labor cervical effacement and dilation occur. This stage begins with the appearance of true labor contractions and end when the cervix is completely dilated at ten centimeters and the cervix is completely effaced at 100%. This stage accounts for the longest duration for both nulliparous and parous women. The first stage of labor contains three sub phases the latent, active, and transitional phase. The latent phase occurs from the onset of labor until the cervix is dilated to about three to five centimeters. This stage will vary in length among different women. The fetus changes position and cervical effacement are also occurring during this phase. The woman is usually excited and sociable during this phase. The active phase occurs when the cervix begins to dilate more rapidly and is dilated to between four and six centimeters. The slower the transition between the latent and active stage the safer the delivery, this doesn’t usually happen in spontaneous labor. This phase continues until the cervix is dilated to about seven or eight centimeters. During this phase the fetus internally rotates and comes down into the pelvis. The women’s discomfort is usually increased in this phase as the pace speeds up. The transitional phase occurs when the cervix is dilated to seven to eight centimeters until it is fully dilated. Bloody discharge usually increases when the cervix is fully dilated. The transitional phase is short but very intense, with strong

Injuries occurring during birth are denoted to as birth trauma or obstetrical injuries and they are associated with different etiological causes. The important causes of birth trauma are macrosomia, breech presentation, shoulder dystocia, and forceps-assisted deliveries [3]. Traumatizing maneuvers during the deliveries will result in these fractures in the assisted deliveries [4]. The trauma may occur due to use of forces, excessive traction or pulling, unintended pressure on soft organs such as eyes. Trauma to the limb usually occurs when the limb is pulled in cases of obstructed labor or shoulder dystocia (Head out, shoulder stuck). An Indian study on birth trauma revealed that the fractured clavicle was commonest bone fractured

Multiple studies have been conducted on infant mortality and preterm birth in the United States. Many have identified how the rate of infant mortality and preterm birth is twice as high among African Americans women than White American women in the United States.(Orr et. al,2012; Dole et al,2004;Collins,2002) some studies convey socioeconomic as a major factor of preterm birth among African American’s. As Kleinman conveys in Racial differences in low birthweight: Trendsand risk factors when socioeconomic status increases the risk of giving birth to an infant of low birthweight decreases. On the other hand, there are some studies that convey high differences of preterm birth between black and white women of equal socioeconomic status.(Dole et

During the early 1900’s, the healthcare system for families in rural areas was virtually nonexistent. Mary Breckinridge noticed a need for more healthcare access in these areas, which led her to create the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS). Through her work, Breckinridge was able to provide thousands of families with the healthcare that they needed, while also bringing an entirely new field of study to the United States. What led her to believe the United States needed a change? What impact did her work have on the United States, and is it still relevant today? We will be looking at the significant impact that Mary Breckinridge made to the field of nursing and to the overall healthcare system of the United States.

The United States still has one of the highest infant mortality rates as reported by CIA World Fact Book “United States 6.06 per 1,000” (Field Listing, 2008 p.1), as compared to other high income countries who employ midwives as mainstream for low-risk pregnant women. Research shows that midwife-attended births have fewer interventions, lower c-section rates, and offer more personal care for pregnant women. The problem with the current form of obstetrical care in the United States is the uncritical acceptance of an unscientific method: the routine use of interventionist obstetrics for healthy women with normal pregnancies in contrast to a midwifery model of care for pregnant women. Should the medical

Giving birth is something that happens many times daily all over the world. Though many people who have not experienced giving birth, such as men, may think all the woman has to do is push a couple times and it's over, that is not the case. There are three stages to giving birth according to BabyCentre including contractions, pushing, and delivering the placenta.

Immediately after birth, the newborn has an identification band put on. One band is put on the ankle, one on the wrist. The newborn has footprints done immediately. Included on the footprint sheet are the newborn’s name, sex, DOB, time of birth, and mother’s health record.

Regardless of healthcare and medical advances, birth outcome disparities continue to exist in the United States. In 2014, 1 out of 10 infant births were premature, correlating to over 380,000 infants born prematurely (Health 2016). The current national average for infant births before 37 weeks is 9.6% (Services 2010). Premature birth is identified as a birth that occurs before the 37- week gestation. During the preterm period, infants are placed at a high risk of death and developing disabilities that may cause permanent handicap. Mothers that give birth preterm may partake in risky behaviors such as smoking and drug usage, lack proper nutrition, and are burdened financially. Maternal education intervention programs centered around the Health Belief Model may have a positive impact on maternal care and prevent premature birth.

Infant mortality is and has been an issue for a very long time. It can be defined as the rate of deaths that happen before a child’s first birthday (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). A consequence of infant mortality is the mental health of the family that must deal with the death of a child; when one loses a child very early it can be difficult to cope with and the parents might develop depression. There are several risk factors for infant mortality, including congenital abnormalities, being born preterm, having a low birth weight, and lower socioeconomic status of the child’s family. Furthermore, a problem such as this is contingent upon access to health care; third-world countries and impoverished areas might have little to no access to health care, therefore, increasing the risk of complications with a pregnancy. A mother must have prenatal care to support good health for the baby.

Islamic banking is a structure that allows conducting banking activities and trades in line with the Islamic Shari’ah laws and principles by avoiding all the haram (prohibited) activity such as interest and financing prohibited businesses.

Prenatal care is widely accepted as an important element in improving pregnancy outcome. (Gorrie, McKinney, Murray, 1998). Prenatal care is defined as care of a pregnant woman during the time in the maternity cycle that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor. A medical, surgical, gynecologic, obstretic, social and family history is taken (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 1998). It is important for a pregnant woman as well as our society to know that everything that you do has an effect on your baby. Because so many women opt not to receive the benefits of prenatal care, our society sees the ramification, which include a variety of complications primarily

Prenatal care is medical care for pregnant woman and is important for a healthy pregnancy. Its key components include regular checkups and prenatal testing, eating healthfully, exercising, and beginning as soon as one knows she is pregnant.

A birth defect is a physical or mental malformation present at birth. Some birth defects are visible such as leprosy, and some are eternal such as abnormal body function and divergent blood cells. Additionally, some birth deficiencies are genetic, and others transpire when external factors affect a child maturation in the womb. For instance, a child whose mother smoked during pregnancy is vulnerable and likely to have a heart defect at birth.