Child Development Essay

The expected pattern starts at 0-3 years where a child is expected to develop the most. They have little control over their bodies at 0-1 years and are dependent on their natural instincts eg: sucking, grasping.

The preschool years which are the ages between 2 ½ years to five years old is an exciting time for children. It is during this time that they use all of the development learned during the infant and toddler stage to actively explore and engage in school. Preschoolers learn how to make their own choices, develop socially, and explore their environments. Parents and caregivers still play an important role in helping children during this time take initiative and explore their environments. Adult’s behaviors, attitudes, and styles of thinking contribute to preschooler’s

I always try to respect race, religion and cultural identity as there is the need for continuity and security, This is one of the reasons why I always address each young person by his/her name.

My dad, because he has a good job and he can be lazy whenever he wants to and he gets to buy whatever he wants.

Sequences of development are the order in which children develop; all children follow the same sequence of development but at different rates.

John Watson, father of behaviorism, was a psychologist who was apt to using orphans in his experiments. Watson wanted to test the idea of whether fear was innate or a conditioned response. Little Albert, the nickname given to the nine month old infant that Watson chose from a hospital, was exposed to a white rabbit, a white rat, a monkey, masks with and without hair, cotton wool, burning newspaper, and a miscellanea of other things for two months without any sort of conditioning. Then experiment began by placing Albert on a mattress in the middle of a room. A white laboratory rat was placed near Albert and he was allowed to play with it. At this point, the child showed no fear of the rat.Then Watson would make a loud sound behind Albert’s back

This week in class we had a discussion about Early Childhood, Read Chapter 14 in Development of Children and Adolescents, and had our first debate over our topics. My topic was “Are Father’s Really Necessary?”, and I had argued the “No” side. Next thursday we will be doing the same topic, but arguing the other side.

Poverty exposes children to other risks related to education, environment, safety, and health. Compared to their peers not subjected to hardship, needy children are more likely to experience cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral challenges. This study will analyze facts about poverty and how it is related to juvenile offending.

Burrhus Frederic Skinner otherwise called B.F. Skinner was born in March 1904, in Susquehanna, PA. B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist and behaviorist. Skinner came from a very strict household where both of his parents were very stern. Even though his parents were strict, Skinner grew up in a loving, secure, where his family tried to instill righteousness and morals into their children’s lives. When Skinner was younger he loved to be outside and was always building things with his hands. Since early childhood Skinner had an interest with animals and why they behave the way that they do. This followed him into his adulthood and even helped him develop the principles of operant conditioning. Operant Conditioning is a type of “learning in which reinforcement, which is contingent upon the occurrence of a particular response; increase the probability that the same response will occur again” (Feist & Feist, 2009). Through precise control of the environment, Skinner was able to modify the behavior of animal subjects.

Burrhus Skinner is one of the best known behaviourist theorists. He applied ideas taken from his works with rats and pigeons to children. Behaviourists define learning as something that “people do in response to external stimuli”. (Muijs and Reynolds, 2005, p21) Skinner argued that changes in the behaviour of children are as a result of their response to events (stimuli) that have happened to them. This process is known as operant conditioning which suggests that if a response to stimuli is followed with a reward or encouragement, this response is likely to occur again. This then leads to the idea

In terms of physical characteristics, the average height and weight for a two year old is thirty-four inches tall and twenty –eight pounds. Over time, their head growth will slow, from 3⁄4 inch (2 cm) in their second year alone to 3⁄4 to 1 1⁄4 inches (2–3 cm) over the next ten years. The child’s posture will change as well during the toddler years. These physical changes are due to improved muscle tone, which is cause for a more erect posture, thus giving the child a taller, and more lean appearance (“Physical Appearance,” 2013).

3lbs (31 lbs). The average height and weight of a 3 year old is 94cm

Burrhus Frederic Skinners, also known as B. F. Skinner, was a well-known American psychologist who came up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), “the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences”. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consisting of positive, negative, primary and secondary, punishments pertaining positive and negative and reinforcement schedules which includes ratio, interval, fixed and random schedules (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 93-96.).

Burrhus Frederic Skinner, called B.F., is considered to be the father of the field of psychology known as behaviorism. Through his research in behavior, Skinner developed the theory of "operant conditioning," or the idea that a new behavior can shaped. This was very different from "classical conditioning" where an existing behavior is reinforced through associating it with a stimuli. Skinner's "operant conditioning" sought to develop an entirely new behavior through the "rewarding of partial behavior or a random act that approaches the desired behavior." ("B.F. Skinner")

Social justice, children, black lives, Christianity, and education are all topics that I am extremely passionate about. These are topics that bother or intrigue me enough to push me to get involved and make a difference. However, the area of interest that I want to explore the most at the ECU Honors College is child development and how it affects the way human beings grow and change into adults. Is it DNA, experiences, upbringing, or mindset that makes a unique individual who he or she is? I know that it all starts with childhood. Most individuals will attest to the fact that childhood events have affected the way they behave today. This aspect of child development is similar to psychology, but I am more interested in the biological science of the topic rather than the social science. However, both of these sciences go hand in hand, so I do not mind exploring both. Furthermore, I feel if I indulge myself in this topic and learn as much as I can, my knowledge will allow me to be of better service to the children I encounter in my career and life.