Childhood Anxiety Psychology

Sara (pseudonym) is a sweet and lively nine-year-old girl who loves soccer and softball. She is bright and does well in all her school subjects, except reading. In reading, she had been hovering around the first-grade level for two years, frustrating and vexing Sara, as well as her teachers and her parents. Sara is an adopted child with anxiety and attachment issues that often come up in stressful situations. This learning deficit led her to become increasingly stressed and frustrated about her ability to read. In one effort to help, Sara’s parents enrolled her in an Assisted-Animal Therapy program for students struggling with reading. Lo and behold, after a few months, Sara’s teachers noted that her reading improved markedly. During in class reading assessments, Sara’s reading level jumped an entire grade level with the dog present. The teachers called in her parents for a conference, happy to share their findings. Sara’s parents decided to adopt a therapy dog for their home. Soon after, her family adopted “Elsa” a six-year-old chihuahua. Sara’s school therapist was impressed with her reduced anxiety levels and how her therapy dog positively affected her life, and her reading confidence. It is obvious that in the transformation from a struggling reader to a confident student, a large amount was in fact due to her interactions with the dogs.

As explained by Bowlby (2008), the quality of the attachment relationship between a parent and child is a crucial determinant in development. The quality of parental sensitivity in repeated interactions and daily occurrences permits the child to set expectations regarding the behavior of their primary caregiver in times of duress (Kerns & Brumariu, 2014). Consequently, a child’s social and emotional development is ultimately affected by the type of parent-child attachment experienced early in life. The research revealed that secure attachment formed between the parent and child predicts ideal behavior (Kochanska & Kim, 2013). However, the formation of insecure attachment styles significantly increase potential risks for challenging behavior regarding social and emotional

The purpose of this article is to examine associations between characteristics of the mother–child relationship and offspring psychopathology. It is also agreeing with previous studies which state that parental control was found to be more strongly associated with offspring anxiety than parental rejection, parental rejection was shown to be more strongly associated with offspring depression than parental control. Other studies have found that adolescent anxiety symptoms were associated with lower maternal autonomy support, and anxious adolescents and their mothers perceive lower levels of child autonomy within the mother–child relationship. Consistently, mothers of anxious children were less warm and autonomy granting during conversational tasks and more intrusively involved during cognitive tasks than control

Most of this chapter is explanatory in nature and there is no controversial information related to anxiety disorders in children. Mash & Wolfe (2012) define anxiety as a strong negative emotion, but note that some anxiety is an adaptive response to genuine environmental threats. Anxiety becomes problematic when it arises for no reason or out of proportion to the perceived threat. Children who experience excessive levels anxiety can develop psychological problems like anxiety disorders, and it is therefore important o address children's anxiety as early as possible.

The problem is not anxiety itself, it is not being able to cope with the anxieties of human life. This can be a challenge for young kids due to the fact

Anxiety refers to a combination of emotions that include fear, apprehension, and worry. Since anxiety entails an expectation of uncertain threat, it plays an obvious role in the experience of parents when confronted with the life-threatening diagnosis of cancer in their child. The feeling of uncertainty in parents is a manifestation of anxiety which stems from fear of possible disease consequences like relapse or death (Yeh, 2002). Three studies have shown a relationship between pediatric cancer and anxiety in parents as a result (Moore & Mosher, 1997; Yeh, 2002; Santacroce, 2002). These studies have similar findings in that it was found that frequency of anxiety occurs more often around the time of the diagnosis of cancer and tends to decrease

An anxiety disorder is a type of mental disorder that causes fear and anxiety. Ever since the start of more challenging classes in his major, a student at a university, Jake becomes very anxious. After Jake is diagnosed by the university’s counselor with an anxiety disorder, he is to obtain the perspectives of a behavioral, humanistic, and cognitive psychologist for origins and diverse treatment of his problem. Behavioral psychologist believe that learning occurs when changes takes place in behavior. Humanistic psychologist believed in free will and self-actualization of the individual. Finally, the cognitive psychologist focuses mainly on memory, intelligence, thought processes, perception, and learning.

A common, but dangerous, mindset that some parents or guardians take on in the face of their child’s unusual levels of anxiety is one of dismissal in which they disregard the forming issue as a phase of some sort that every child must endure; however, such a belief is only partially correct.

Once the parent and child gave consent, they went to separate silent rooms to complete the various questionnaires. Among the sample, 64 families participated with more than one child. When more than one child from a family participated, parents would fill out separate tests for each child. Parents answered questions only regarding their own anxiety sensitivity. The parent’s anxiety sensitivity, the child’s age and the child’s gender were all taken into account in predicting the child’s anxiety sensitivity. The Youth and Family Anxiety, Stress, and Phobia Lab of the University of New Orleans then collected the data and later reviewed and approved of the

Rejection from one caregiver at an early age is negatively related to a wide variety of outcomes. This paper will review multiple studies that highlight the effects of perceived parental rejection on children. This research includes attachment and resilience in relation to parental abandonment. This paper will also discuss play therapy as a possible therapy for rejected children to mitigate negative effects such as rejection sensitivity, depression, and anxiety.

Looking into current study hypotheses, the result revealed that for first hypothesis, perceived father rejection is a more significant predictor of adults’ psychological adjustment than perceived mother rejection. This result is consistent with current study’s hypothesis. For the second hypothesis, the results showed that there were some gender differences in male and female perception of father and mother rejection on their psychological adjustment, which partially supports current study hypothesis.

The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale is one of the most widely used self-report measures of anxiety in youth. It is used to diagnose overall anxiety in youth and also to characterize the nature of that anxiety. The purpose of revising the Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) was to shorten the administration time, increase the clarity of the items, and reduce the reading level. Reliability and validity data appear to be adequate, though the internal consistency estimates for some of the subscales of the RCMAS are rather low. While self-report measures, such as the RCMAS, appear to be good at demonstrating convergent validity, they often struggle with demonstrating discriminant validity. Further reliability and validity data is analyzed, and strengths and weaknesses of the measure are discussed.

E. et al (2015) in the research Parental Anxiety, Parenting Behavior, and Infant Anxiety: Differential Associations for Fathers and Mothers stated that Most studies investigation the role of parenting behavior within the intergenerational transmission of tension from oldsters to youngsters have targeted on mothers. However, recent analysis suggests that mothers and fathers might parent otherwise and will differentially have an effect on the event of kid anxiety. Theoretical models propose that anxious oldsters have interaction in additional anxiety-provoking and fewer anxiety reducing parenting behavior than non-anxious oldsters. However, findings area unit inconsistent, probably as a result of most studies haven't differentiated between anxiety disorders. Therefore, it remains unclear that specific anxiety disorders are coupled to parenting behavior. This study examined (1) whether or not symptoms of specific parental anxiety disorders are coupled to overinvolvement and difficult parenting behavior towards childs; and (2) the differential relationship of maternal/paternal overinvolvement and difficult parenting behavior with infant anxiety. oldsters of eighty one infants (10-15 months) completed the Overinvolvement and difficult parenting behavior (CPB) scales of the great Parenting Behavior form, the Screen for kid Anxiety connected Emotional Disorders-Adult version, and therefore the concern scale of the child Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. Linear regressions

Attachment and security serve as further causes of abnormal psychology. As above, the attachment model of psychopathology also places emphasis on the relationship between the parent and child but, rather than focusing on the perceptions of the child, there is a focus on the characteristics of the actual relationship. It is believed that if a parent does not provide a feeling of security, trust and love then the child will develop a negative view and, thus, result in an inability to regulate emotions and feelings. As a result, the child will be at a greater risk of developing a disorder.

Childhood anxiety disorder occur when feelings of stress or fear persist, and are overly intensive to the extent that it interferes with everyday life or childhood experiences. Source http://carescenter.ucla.edu/what-childhood-anxiety. Childhood anxiety disorders can take many forms, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder, and specific phobias. Each form of anxiety has it