Childhood Leukemia In Children

Today I will be talking about three aspects of Leukemia; First what it is and one of the possible causes, Secondly what are the recognizable symptoms and what tests doctors use to identify leukemia in a young child. And what

A. the literature review provided articles that were relevant and a number of relevant studies and theories were described throughout the study.

The study was a systematic review of scientific papers selected by a search of the SciELO, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and LILACS-BIREME databases. Among the 2169 articles found, 12 studies proved relevant to the issue and presented an evidence strength rating of B. No publications rated evidence strength A. Seven of the studies analyzed were prospective cohorts and 5 were cross-sectional studies.

Childhood cancer is two of the most devastating words any parent can hear regarding their child. A child that was diagnosed with cancer in the early 1960s rarely survived and typically led to death. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital understood this concern. When the hospital was created the childhood cancer survival rate was less than 20%. Today, through research and discoveries the rate has raised to 80%.

Among these 1195 studies 999 abstracts were reviewed. 36 full paper have been chosen. Twelve studies were selected among thousand based on very a strict criteria (Hogan, Smart, Shah, and Taddio, 2014, p.

The topic in this systematic review is clearly defined in the abstract & the introduction. Yes, the search for studies and other evidence was comprehensive and unbiased as it was able to be. Strict criteria were followed as described in Figure 1.

An extensive literature search was conducted regarding the topic of this paper. Databases utilized were: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EbscoHost, and Google. Inclusion criteria included English language only research articles and publication dates ranging from 2009 to 2014

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is reported to be 75% of childhood leukemia. It is mostly occurs before age of 5 and to mostly boys. However this disease can occur to anyone throughout any point in their life. For adults it is most likely to occur to adults over the age of 50 years old. Throughout my research I discovered that children have a better odds of beating the cancer than adults would. Caucasian and Hispanic children are known to having a higher risk of being diagnosed with this disease. Each year, around 3,500 American children and adults are diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The topic in this systematic review is clearly defined, initially in the abstract, and being repeated in the introduction. Yes, the search for studies and other evidence was comprehensive and unbiased as it was able to be. Strict criteria were followed as described in Figure 1. Yes, the screening of citations for inclusion in this review was based on explicit criteria, as they wanted to promote confidence in the outcomes appropriate guidelines were followed carefully. Yes, the included studies were evaluated for

This specific article was chosen because it was a systematic review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. This source is the best available evidence, and the fact that it is within the last 5 years and pertained to the specific question asked was also valuable in its selection.

In childhood, cancer is the second leading cause of non-accidental death. Cancer is surpassed only by accidental deaths. The most common pediatric cancers are leukemia, cancer of the brain and nervous system, renal tumors, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Jemal et al., 2008). The National Cancer Institute (2017) estimates about 10,270 new cancer cases will be diagnosed in children in 2017 and about 1,190 are expected to die from this disease. Children cancers are treated and evaluated differently from adult cancers. Pediatric oncology is a field that specializes in the care for children diagnosed with cancer. Cancer treatments vary and can differ depending on the type of cancer and the stage it is currently in. Like most adult cancer treatments, pediatric

When a parent takes their child to the doctor the last thing they want to hear is that their child has cancer. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for a child to be diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, also known as ALL. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is one of the most common forms of childhood cancer, and “makes up approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children under 15 years old” (3). Children under five years of age are at the most risk of developing ALL. Since it is an acute form of cancer once the onset has begun the disease quickly begins to worsen, therefore patients must seek treatment as soon as possible. “ALL is different than other diseases in that it is not just a single disease but also rather a group of related diseases with different subtypes”(1). This uniqueness causes the treatment of ALL to depend on the subtypes the patient has, therefore each

The search began with the CINAHL Plus database displaying a number of 575 articles. To enhance the search process, certain limiters served as a refining tool for selecting the most appropriate articles. The search methodology included criteria focusing on full text that was applied to access the entire articles. Abstract available was used as a brief relevance guideline, and if potentially relevant to the purpose study, the full-text was then in depth evaluated. Published date was considered for evaluating the most up-to-dated evidences of the literature. All the articles included in this paper were less than eight years old and published between January 2009 and April 2016. In addition, English language was a decisive criterion for the guided search articles. Another limiter used in the search proceeding implied the “research” to select the

There are two main and four specific types of leukemia. The two main types are acute leukemia, which is fast growing, and chronic leukemia, which is slow growing. The four specific types of leukemia are chronic lymphocytic (CLL), acute lymphocytic (ALL), chronic myelogenous (CML), and acute myelogenous (AML) that were discovered in 1913. About three quarters of children diagnosed with leukemia have acute lymphocytic which peaks as early as two to four years old. This cancer kills more children that are two or fifteen than anything else. To determine whether the cancer will be chronic or acute is to look at the cell lineage. The blood cell that becomes cancerous explains what type of leukemia it is. Depending on if the white cells, the red blood cells, or the platelets can determine exactly which leukemia it is. “Adults can get either type; children with leukemia most often have an acute type” (Leukemia: MedlinePlus). For a child to get a chronic leukemia is very rare. Now it is known that the cancer starts in the bone marrow, which is where blood cells are formed. Leukemia causes the body to create too many abnormal cells and these abnormal white cells cannot fight infection and also lessen the amount of red cells and platelets. Some of the risk factors of this cancer are large doses of ionizing radiation, being exposed to benzene for a long period of time, rare viruses, genetic disorders, and

Cancer, one of the most feared words in our vocabulary of this time, especially in childhood (Druker 1). Most people when thinking of “childhood cancer” envision very young children, although a “Nation Institute of Health Policy concerning inclusion of children in clinical research defines children as being younger than twenty-one years of age while the Food and Drug Administration considers children to be fifteen years and younger” (Ries 158). That being said, most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life (Gurney 149). Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers (oeconline 1). In conjunction, “the side effects of treatment,