Childhood Obesity : Health Issues And Prevention

Obesity can affect everyone and anyone and affecting nearly 25% of all North American children. It can affect one during childhood or adulthood and sometimes their whole lives if their illness is never treated during childhood. Childhood obesity has tripled in the past 30 years. In 1980, the obesity rate of 6-11 year olds was 6.5%, in 2008 had tripled to 19.6%. For toddlers and preschoolers aged 2-5, the obesity levels have risen from 5% to 12.4% in the same amount of time. (Spark, 2010). Children are very vulnerable and can easily be prone to many illnesses because they are greatly dependant on their parents. Therefore, when a child suffers from obesity it is usually in the hands of the parents to help the child recover and better their

Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. More than one third of children are overweight. This figure is increasing rapidly. This epidemic puts children at risk for various health problems such as type two diabetes and heart problems. Although they are several risk factors for obesity, parents play a significant role in this issue. This paper will look into how parents are influential to their children, how they contribute to this problem and how they may help fight the fight against obesity. Obesity is a very serious problem and there are solutions that parents can apply to help their children lead a healthy lifestyle. Obesity does not only affect a person physically, but mentally and psychologically as well.

Obesity is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Obesity often begin in childhood and is linked to many psychological problems such as asthma, diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. Childhood obesity is related to increased mortality and morbidity in adulthood as many obese children grow up to become obese adults (Johnson, 2016). In the last 30 years, childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents. In the United States, the percentage of children aged six to eleven years who were obese seven percent in 1980 has increased to eighteen percent in 2012. In 2012, more than one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese. Overweight is defined as having excess body weight for a particular height, whereas obesity is having excess body fat. Childhood obesity can lead both immediate and long term effects on health and well-being. Obese children are likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. A population based sample of five to seventeen year old shows 70% obese children have at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obese children and adolescents are at risk for bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems such as poor self-esteem and stigmatization. Children and adolescents who are obese are likely to be obese as adults and are at risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, stroke, type 2

Childhood obesity has increased dramatically over the last three decades, and conditions in many communities continue to act as barriers to healthy eating and adequate physical activity. Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and potentially long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Perhaps most shocking, life expectancy for today’s children may be shortened in the United States because of the impact of childhood obesity (Olshansky and Ludwig, 2005).

Obesity is an epidemic that affects millions of People around the world and it continues to rise. A particular concern is the rise in childhood obesity throughout the United States and it has become a national epidemic. Obesity is a threat to the health of many children as it has doubled in children and has quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years. According to survey on childhood obesity, 2014, “an estimated 80% of obese adolescents continue to be obese into adulthood, so the implication of childhood obesity on the nation’s health are very huge”.

Childhood obesity in America is an enormous problem that we face. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children in the past thirty years. The percentage of children aged 6-11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% to nearly 18% in 2012” (“Childhood”). According to Web M.D., “Children become overweight and obese for a variety of reasons. The most common causes are genetic factors, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or a combination of these factors” (“Preventing”). Childhood obesity can lead to many other serious illnesses and problems, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, fatigue, depression, and low self-esteem.

Despite recent declines in the prevalence among preschool-aged children, obesity among children is still too high. For children and adolescents aged 2-19 years, the prevalence of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% and affects about 12.7 million children and adolescents for the past decade (CDC). Childhood obesity does not only affect children, but also has many long term health effects on our children as they get older, including, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both childhood and adulthood. (2). Researchers estimate that if obesity trends continue, obesity related medical costs, alone, could rise by $43 to $66 billion each year in the United States by 2030. (1) A major factor in childhood obesity is the inadequate amount of physical activity children are getting, as well as the school lunches that are being provided to the kids. The accessibility of competitive foods which includes things like vending machines, student stores and items a la carte in schools has been linked with negative dietary behaviors, including higher saturated fat intake, higher sweetened beverage intake, and less fruit and vegetable intake,(3) thus resulting in obesity among our children and adolescents. Research suggests that by making sure children are getting healthy school meals and getting enough physical activity in their day it will decrease their chances of having childhood obesity (3). The purpose of this review was to determine the role, school lunches and physical

Childhood obesity poses an imminent health concern for the children in the community. These children are at risk for numerous types of chronic health condition, which can continue into adulthood. In addition, childhood obesity can lead to children having depression, low self-esteem, poor self-image as a consequence of being overweight (RothMedically, 2005). The prevalence of obesity remains due to low physical activity, resulting in a high rate of obesity of children within the population (Ogden, 2014). Obesity affects children and adolescent from age 2-19 years, approximately 12.7 million children and adolescents for the past decade, which comprised of 17% of the population (CDC, 2015).

Obesity has been a major health issue in the community for the past three decades, and has recently become a spreading concern for children (Black & Hager, 2013). Childhood obesity leads to many health and financial burdens in the future, and has become a public health priority. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016), childhood obesity has doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years. Black and Hager (2013) state that pediatric obesity is a major public health problem that effects a child’s mental and physical health. Having childhood obesity also increases the risk of developing adult obesity and many other chronic illnesses. Childhood obesity will be further explored in the following sections and will include: background, current surveillance methods, epidemiology analysis, screening and diagnosis, and the plan of action.

Child obesity is a serious public health issue in the United States and its increase has reached epidemic level. The prevalence of obesity among children has dramatically increased from 1970 to 2010 (Saydah, Bullard, Cheng, Ali, Gregg, Geiss, & Impertore, 2014). This issue should no longer be ignored because its consequences can affect all of us in different ways. Usually, when we see an obese child, we only think about his/her body appearance and we ignored all the health issues that can cause. Child obesity is a preventable disease that can lead many health complications if it is not treated.

Childhood obesity is a huge problem in our society, so here are two articles that researched one option to aid in the prevention of the epidemic: vegetarianism. The first article “Vegetarian Diets and Childhood Obesity Prevention” by Joan Sabate` and Michelle Wien from The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition May 2010 vol. 91 no. 5 1525S-1529S and the second article is “Vegetarian Children: Appropriate and Inappropriate Diets” by Cathy Jacobs, MS, RD,: and Johanna T Dwyer, DSc, RD also from the The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition September 1988 vol. 48 no. 3 811-818. The two articles address vegetarianism as an option for children and why or why not it is suitable as a solution for childhood obesity and the health benefits and risks of this particular diet.

Childhood obesity is rising worldwide in an alarming rate. New Zealand Health Survey results in 2012/2013 showed that one out of nine children (2-14 years) was obese and it was 11 per cent of the total children population1. Obese children are more prone to have cardiovascular disease, psychological morbidity, asthma, Type 1 diabetes, and early mortality2 sooner or later in their life. Adverse effects of childhood obesity not only affect the current or later health status of children but also the country’s productivity and economy. Therefore it is very important to break the obesity viscous cycle in order to have a healthy nation.

Childhood obesity has become an epidemic in our nation. Currently, more than one in six American children is obese, which is three times the rate as that of the 1970s [1]. Obesity contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease, different types of cancers, as well as diabetes. About 70% of obese children/adolescents have at least one risk factor for heart disease, such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and almost 40% of obese youths have at least two additional risk factors. Increase in rates of childhood obesity is also associated with higher rates of type 2 diabetes; as youth now make up almost half of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in certain communities. The increasing trends of childhood obesity as well as obesity-related comorbidities may seriously undermine the future health of the nation’s population while increasing healthcare costs exponentially.

Childhood obesity is an unmet problem all throughout the world, including in the United States of America. According to Greg Critser, a writer of medicine and science, in his excerpt, "Too Much of a Good Thing," childhood obesity is a growing health issue and has been for over a decade. He claims that approximately one quarter of all Americans under the age of nineteen are overweight (161). However, Critser states that parents are not to be blamed for childhood obesity because "a child restrained from overeating will either rebel... or suffer such a loss of self-esteem that a lifetime of disastrous eating behavior will follow" (161). He also points out how the stigmatism of being weighty can be reduced by stigmatizing unhealthy eating behaviors (161). Using a study by Pennsylvania State University on the eating habits of children, Critser displays how three-year-olds ate generally the same amount of food each serving, while five-year-olds consumed all that was on their plate (161). In addition, Critser claims, while parents believe children have the right to choose their own poor nutritional decisions, fast-food chains, such as McDonalds, spend a billion dollars a year to influence families to eat at their chains (162). By providing examples of stigmatisms for unhealthy behaviors in his essay, Critser effectively proves that childhood obesity can be expelled if people are willing to take the proper steps to do so.

Childhood obesity is a growing problem that needs to be resolved. Many people may say it is the Child’s fault, he is weak willed. This is just a common misconception; there are hundreds of different reasons for childhood obesity. I will just be scratching the surface of this paper. By the same token childhood obesity is a growing problem that needs to be resolved. We can achieve this by understanding some common misconceptions, understanding health problems, and understanding fitness.