Children With Intellectual Disabilities : Down Syndrome Boy Excluded From Pool

The aim of this essay is primarily to identify and discuss the reasons for and factors contributing to the vulnerability of adults with learning disabilities who come in contact with the criminal justice system.

Physical and/or Mental Capacity: Severe physical or mental impairments or a combination of disabilities which cause a person to lose functional capability and/or awareness of their environment is a massive hindrance to independence and participation, eventually causing exclusion. For example a person who has lost motion in the body and is bed ridden cannot physically participate in any activity.

Disabled people often deal with many challenges every day. Tasks that normal people do daily are very delicate and difficult for disabled people. People with disabilities are treated differently than those who do not have a disability. A disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities. Learning about people living with a disability can help overcome misinformation and misunderstanding. There are about seven billion people in the world. Approximately fifteen percent of the world’s population lives with some form of disability. There are two types of disabilities - impairment and handicaps. While a disability is a life-changing challenges experience, most people find impressive and innovative ways to cope in their lives.

Having a physical disability may effect a persons ability to work and therefore they would need income support and “out

A physical disability is impairment which limits the physical function. Some causes of a physical disability are acquired before birth, for example, the mother may have a disease or genetic incompatibilities between the parents, which is then passed on to the child. Another cause is during birth, this could be cause of lack of oxygen that affects the brain. You can also have

Physical Limitations – Some medical conditions mean certain physical activities may not be possible. This may mean that a child or young person needs an activity adapted to suit their needs. It may also mean that certain

Disability is of particular interest for justice because of the way in which it contrasts two basic and powerful senses of injustice: (1) the treatment of people as moral, social or political inferiors on the basis of irrelevant characteristics and (2) the perpetuation and/or failure to correct inequalities between income, wealth, health and other aspects of well-being amongst individuals. Article 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) guarantees access to justice. This article has two sections: first, “States Parties shall ensure effective access to justice for persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others, including through the provision of procedural and age-appropriate accommodations, in order to facilitate their effective role as direct and indirect participants, including as witnesses, in all legal proceedings, including at investigative and other preliminary stages; and second, in order to help to ensure effective access to justice for persons with disabilities, States Parties shall promote appropriate training for those work” (United Nations, 2006, p. 11). Cremin (2016) provided insights on the parameters of article 13. He discussed how article 13 attempts to clarify what effective access to justice requires and also provides recommendations on how the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities can improve its guidance on access to justice to help ensure equal rights for persons with disabilities.

A disability is a condition of impairment--a physical or mental condition--that limits a person’s activities or functioning. Handicap is used when legally specifying life processes or social activities that adversely affect a person’s functioning. A handicap is much more limiting than a disability.

A person with a physical disability is someone who has physical impairments which they may have been born with or happened to gain in a result of an injury. Having a physical disability limits you from doing daily activities yourself.

Disability in a socio-cultural context can be defined as "a barrier to participation of people with impairments or chronic illnesses arising from an interaction of the impairment or illness with discriminatory attitudes, cultures, policies or institutional practices" (Booth, 2000). The traditional view of disability often focuses on the individual, highlighting incapacities or failings, a defect, or impairment. This focus creates obstacles to participation on equal terms since an individual who seems to lack certain capacities may not be able to attain autonomy.

Disability is identified as a bodily or cerebral mutilation that significantly restricts one or more of an individual’s foremost life actions by the ADA. Companies are required formulate logical accommodations for individuals whom are disabled except if the outcome creates hardship for the companies every day functions. Hardships are considered things such as tremendous costs or involve considerable difficulty.

When discussed what, it means to be a discriminated or oppressed as an individual, especially a person with an intellectual disability, we must first look at the terminology and how it will be relatable for their circumstances. For discrimination, it is described as people or groups of people, which include race, class, gender, age, sexual orientation, who are and continued to be defined as “other,” when they are perceived through “dominant” group values. These groups are treated in exclusionary ways, and subjected to all kinds of social injustice and economic inequality, (Anderson & Collins, 2013). In other words, persons with intellectual disabilities tend to be treated less favorable, or not given

The federal government thinks physical disabilities and health disabilities as separate special education categories. IDEA '04 uses the term orthopedic impairments to signify conditions that are referred as physical disabilities. Students that have physical disabilities display problems with the structure or the functioning of their bodies. The federal government, through IDEA '04, uses the term other health impairments to define, collectively, conditions and diseases that create special health care needs or health disabilities for students (Smith, D.D., (2014).

Disabled people are those whose impairments, physical or mental, restrict them, affecting their daily lives, ability to cope and employment prospects. (Madden, D, 1999).

Disability is ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being’.