Within the last several years, the topic of children’s testimonial accuracy has become a largely studied area. It has been suggested that an interviewers bias and suggestibility has a powerful impact on a child’s performance during an interview (Cleveland, Quas & Lyon, 2016). Suggestibility affects the extent to which a child is able to retrieve and report on events due to psychological or social influences (Milne & Bull, 2003). Suggestibility is brought forth through psychological or social influences, such as suggestive questioning, repeating already answered questions or using praise or negative feedback when children give answers to questions (Cleveland et al., 2016). Researchers have found that age plays a critical role in the child’s ability to refrain from interviewer suggestibility, with results suggesting that the younger the child, the more susceptible they are (Cleveland et al., 2016). With relation to age, cognitive factors have also been found to play a role in children’s susceptibility. Findings from previous studies propose that lower cognitive functioning is associated with higher memory errors, suggesting that fewer memory errors would occur in children with higher cognitive functioning (Hritz et al., 2015). Similarly individual differences such as a child’s temperament or attachment style can also affect their susceptibility to suggestion (Hritz et al., 2015). As research has shown, children can be susceptible to interviewer suggestibility for a variety of
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The purpose of this assignment is to closely observe the development of a child through an interview and apply the theories and concept of child development in his particular cultural and educational context. I selected the child who lives in my neighborhood for the interview and began with seeking the permission from his parents. The child’s name is ‘Abdullah’ and he is seven years old. He lives with his family in Terre Haute and his family consists of parents and two sisters. Abdullah goes to Sugar Grove Elementary School in the Terre Haute city along with his two sisters and he is in grade 2. The interview was conducted at his home and I ensured his convenience. He was cooperative and provided insightful responses to the questions and he provided significant detail in the interview. I was able to track his development stages and connect it to different theories of Developmental Psychology including psychoanalytical perspectives and Piaget’s stages of development. In the following paragraphs, I will explain my observations about Abdullah’s development in the light of developmental theories with special focus on cognitive, social, linguistic, and emotional development followed by making connections between his socioeconomic and cultural background and development. Lastly, I will conclude paper by highlighting that the observations during the interview can facilitate my future practice as a teacher.
& Breuer, F. [2003]) , since there is none further explanation on the relationship of the participants and the researcher, which means some of the participants may be direct friends of the research which may cause some bias based on the experience they had. For example, if one pair of the participants are an old friend of the researcher, this pair may not willing to open their private issue to this old friend, still, they would like to help for the research, or on the other hand, the researcher may have a subjective opinion based on his perception to this pair old friends, as a result, the result may have false based on 2 way. 1. Hidden information from interviewee to interviewer or 2. Misinterpret the conversation on the interview by the researcher. The research has not enough consideration and explanation.
My dad, because he has a good job and he can be lazy whenever he wants to and he gets to buy whatever he wants.
The child is 14 years old, he is a male and is in 8th grade about to go to 9th grade.
Describe how children’s interactions in retelling or recreating familiar stories may provide evidence of their pragmatic knowledge.
Middle childhood is a marker for major psychological developments involving emotions’ effects on memory. A child’s mind more clearly encodes experiences and allows for memories
. Izzie is coming along quite fine cognitively. And it’s fun to watch her grow! During the preschool years, ages 3 and 4, she has started engaging in fantasy play. She acts out scenes with her stuff animals and cartoon characters, and has kept herself occupied with that for up to a half hour. This delighted me because it made me recall Vygotsky’s argument that pretend play, especially if it involves social play, is very important for expanding pre-school age kid’ cognitive skills and of earl that it is helping the brain to develop and become more sophisticated. During this time Izzie has begun to that to tell people about things she has done. She often leaves out key details so I ask her questions along the way to prompt her to fill in the details (Virtual Child). I wasn’t sure if this was where she was supposed to be for her age, but after some research was happy to find out that the autobiographical memory which is the memory of particular events in our lives, doesn’t have much precision
Does the self reference effect more beneficial to children than adults? My study is based on how the self reference effect will help children’s memory rather than adults because children’s brains are still developing. “Children develop a cohesive
Over the last thirty years, the idea of children as witnesses and the accuracy of their testimony has been widely debated. People are asking themselves if the memories of young children, specifically between the ages of five and ten, can be accurate and in return trusted. So, can children’s memory and testimony be accurate? Prolific amounts of research have been conducted in an attempt to answer this question. Most of the research suggests that unfortunately we can not rely on their accurate recall in testimony. I would have to say I agree with the findings.
During the interview I asked the mother what family means to her. She replied by saying, “family is a variety of people that has different characteristics and personalities.” Growing up as a child she said that she did not have anyone to show her what family is and how to raise a child. Her mother was very authoritarian. According to Bigner, J. J., & Gerhardt (2014, p. 100) an authoritarian parents controls children behaviors in respect. Obedience is obtained in numerous ways and whatever the parent says is what goes. Her mother never had an explanation on why she did things. However, now that the mother has grown older she has some ways like her mother. I found this family very interesting because growing up I did not see blended families
One such variable is the family specific knowledge that a volunteer has accumulated over the course of their life. Loftus, (1993) suggested that early childhood memories are greatly influenced by one's amassed, family knowledge. For example, a participant who knows that his or her cousin was closely involved in their upbringing is likely to guess that he or she was present at an important event without any actual memory of the fact. Contributing factors to this are family stories, photographs, home movies, etc. The variance of memories between participants also makes it hard to convert what is reported into significant terms. For example, my earliest memory is from when I was about four years old and my grandmother gave me a piece of amethyst in a wooden quart basket similar to one you buy berries in. This information given its degree of accuracy is quite difficult to generalize since every other person will recount a unique story. A method used by experimenters to compensate for this is the targeting of a specific, datable event common to many individuals. In the 1993 experiment by Usher and Neisser, these 'target events' consisted of the birth of a younger sibling, a hospitalization, the death of a family member and a family move. The use of targeted recall has helped solve one problem with infantile amnesic research but as we will see there are still many problems with the experimental
Cued Recall –The child was then asked about a specific detail about the event that given by the parent/guardian
Part three, the questioning section of my interview, solidified my analysis of N.G.’s cognitive functioning. N.G. was asked numerous questions, six specifically, that were to differentiate her recognition of factual and imaginary information. Over the course of the questioning I received a variety of answers that showed no correlation between one another. N.G. was able to logically respond to the following questions:
As well as the questions which are raised about the size of the sample that was used, it is also necessary to point out the lack of detail present concerning how the sample was chosen. Andrew’s reflective experiences several years after they occurred surely cannot be as valid as for example, a sample of children displaying twice-exceptional abilities within schools at the time of commencing the research. Perhaps Morrison and Omdal had valid reasons for choosing Andrew as their lone participant, but this detail is missing from their study. There is no evidence either to suggest whether Andrew was de-briefed about the nature of this study, which could prove significant with regard to his responses to the interview questions, especially as he talks with such fervour about his experiences.