Chilean and Nicaraguan Revolution: The Failure To Consolidate Power

5.Constable, Pamela, and Arturo Valenzuela. A Nation of Enemies Chile Under Pinochet. Boston: W. W. Norton & Company, 1993. Print.

Prior to the Great Depression, Chile had prospered amidst the workings of free-market and mercantilist polices. The Great Depression, however, disrupted this, as it brought about the necessity of government intervention in the economy. Indeed, government intervention even stretched so far as to transform Chile into a nation insulated by protectionist policies. Furthermore, the Great Depression had undoubtedly brought about a political crisis in Chile with the ousting of Ibáñez del Campo in 1931, who himself had partaken in a military coup d’état to achieve presidency in the first place. It has even been posited that the nationalization of copper that had begun during the presidency of Ibáñez del Campo and which was completed during the presidency of Salvador Allende in the early 1970s built the foundation for a future international economic boycott, which further

Throughout the course of history, several authoritarian leaders have risen to power and maintained their acquired power through physical, violent means. Two authoritarian leaders that have transformed their acquired power into dictatorial rights are Fidel Castro of Cuba and Augusto Pinochet of Chile. Interestingly, Castro and Pinochet differed in their ideals about the ideal structure of governments. While Castro advocated for a socialist, Marxist, anti-imperialist Cuba, Pinochet favored a anti-Marxist, anti-socialist, capitalist Chile. Despite their differing ideals, both shared several similarities in their efforts to establish and maintain their power. Both individuals rose to power in a similar manner: a sort of coup d’état. Both individuals maintained power through positive and negative means. Castro and Pinochet introduced several economic reforms that mostly benefited the people of Cuba and Chile. While these economic reforms allowed for the financial freedom of many Cubans and Chileans, the dictatorial rulers politically repressed the residents of Cuba and Chile. While many historians believe that Castro and Pinochet greatly differed due to their opposing beliefs, both dictators share multiple similarities in the ways that they rose to power, negatively maintained power, and positively

Throughout history, humanity has always yearned for better. When a leader, as an individual or an entire government, ceases to fuel their nation’s drive for better, the citizens take it into their own hands. From this sovereignty of the people, the idea of revolution is born. This idea has become prominent many times. One can analyze a country like France. Due to the government’s selfish actions, the third estate revolted. In countries like Brazil, Venezuela, and Mexico, the citizens were tired of strict rule from a power that is an ocean away. This caused the people in Latin America to revolt against their leader, Spain. Although the French and Latin American Revolutions both were inspired by the American Revolution and Enlightenment ideas, the French Revolution was vastly unsuccessful compared to the Latin American Revolution which brought freedom to many countries.

The investigation, which evaluates the tactics used by the CIA and of the 40 committee, delves into how the president of Chile, Salvador Allende, was refrained from gaining political power and the tactics used to destabilize the government after his election in 1970, this evaluation will try to answer the question: To what extent was the involvement of the United States government and the CIA responsible for the downfall of Salvador Allende?

A revolution can be described as a change in power or structure. Typically, that power is a system of government or a leader of some sort (Revolutions Felt around the World, 2015). If the people of a region do not agree with what their government says or does, they may rebel to show their leaders that they will not comply. No government wants a revolution, seeing as they want to stay in power, so it will try and silence the voices of those who are fighting for change. In response, the people will shout louder to make themselves heard. This cycle continues until one of the sides makes a bolder move to quell their opponent. Although no two revolutions are exactly alike, but there is a common thread among them all which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.

(7)The United States used the realpolitik policy because if it used the human rights policy it would never cut aid to Chile. (8) In the presidential election of 1970, Salvador Allende gained the presidency of Chile. Allende was a Marxist and a member of Chile's Socialist Party, who headed the "Popular Unity" (UP) coalition of the Socialist, Communist, Radical, and Social-Democratic Parties, along with dissident Christian Democrats, the Popular Unitary Action Movement (MAPU), and the Independent Popular Action. His program included land reform and the nationalization of U.S. interests in Chile's major copper mines. Allende had two main competitors in the election — Radomiro Tomic, representing the incumbent Christian Democratic Party, who ran a left-wing campaign with much the same theme as Allende's, and the right-wing former president Jorge Alessandri. Allende received a plurality of the votes cast, getting 36% of the vote against Alessandri's 34% and Tomic's 27%. This was not the first

Guided by economists from the University of Chicago, Pinochet instituted a number of neoliberal reforms that spelled disaster for the millions of Chilean workers and farmers. Pinochet sold nationalized industries, banks and even the pension system to the highest bidder, abolished minimum wage, abolished union rights and seriously reduced taxes on the rich. Pinochet’s reforms led to a rise in unemployment, from 4.4 percent to over 30 percent, marking the highest increase ever in Latin American history (Wordpress, 2009). The price of exports fell, as did real wages for workers, and poverty, homelessness, starvation and infant mortality rose dramatically. While their reforms were not very successful, Chile has prized political and economic stability over reincorporating the electorate so many institutions of the Pinochet regime have remained unchanged by Chileans. Even if they wanted change due to the design of the 1980 Constitution the authoritarian enclaves within the government give the Right direct influence over any and all actions the government may take. This further limits Chile from transitioning to a true democracy after the influence of

-Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, born November 25, 1915, in Valparaiso, Chile joined the Chilean army in 1935. He went up the ranks and in 1973 he was appointed Commander in Chief by President Salvador Allende. Pinochet led the military coup that overthrew Allende a month later. After 25 long years in power, he was put under arrest and died in 2006 in Santiago, Chile, before he could be tried for alleged human rights violations.

A man once said "Democracy sometimes has to be bathed in blood." (Pinochet) was he a man to be admired or feared? Augusto Pinochet was born on November 25 1915, in Valparaiso Chile. He joined the military at age fifteen and was assigned to the Military Junta. He worked his way through the ranks and at age 23 he became a lieutenant.

Contrary to the articles mentioned above, in Chile's moves to reconcile its tortured past A court ordered Augusto Pinochet's arrest on Friday, but now the judge is being pursued by foes, Vandenack analyzed how the Chilean masses both left and right affiliates felt about the detention of Augusto Pinochet. “Pinochet led Chile with an iron fist after ousting Marxist President Salvador Allende in a Sept. 11, 1973, coup. Supporters point to the economic order and growth he brought the nation. But human rights officials say his regime unjustly pursued thousands of leftist foes. In all, some 3,200 people died or disappeared owing to political violence during Pinochet's 17 years in power.” (Vandenack 2000). Even though Pinochet did comit inhumane acts,

Somoza García gained support from the US through the assassination of Sandino and repression of a peasant movement and was elected President of Nicaragua in 1936.

With the decision made by Washington that Pinochet would led the coup, while in Panama to negotiate the transfer of U.S. tanks to the Chilean army, Pinochet was given the message that the U.S. would support a coup against Allende, with whatever means necessary (Kornbluh 94). The military, with the support of the CIA, coordinated its takeover with the Truckers Owners Federation. The strike froze the economy during August creating the climate for the coup (Kornbluh 111). On September 11th 1973, the CIA completed its mission to overthrow the Allende government, ending a long democratic history in Chile and installing a military dictatorship in Pinochet. While the U.S. had been extremely hostile towards the democratic regime of Allende, it fully

In contrast Pinchot used his power to install a military dictatorship, controlling the population and introducing a new economic structure, while also reversing the changes Allende inforced. Under Pinochet’s rule, the growth brought on by free-market reforms did not improve the standard living among Chile’s lower class (pinochet,1973). Whereas under Allende the majority of the population, were beginning to experience a new social economic order where the lives for ordinary people were improving. The measures of Pinochet’s economic success are presented to us via higher GDP and decreased inflation, which tells us nothing about non-economic factors such as literacy rate, life expectancy or public health. Higher GDP does not mean an increase of living standards and quality of life; therefore policies aimed at maximising GDP are not pertinent . Using ambiguous terms such as ‘political stability’ and ‘economic improvement’ it can be acknowledged that Pinochet brought about some improvements. However, the repression and human rights violations, in my opinion reveal that any successes are ineffective, as they have no real positive impact on the lives of the majority. Chile is now being described as the most unequal country. The Pinochet government has made the country more unstable, between those who justify the dictatorship and those who trust in

Chile’s transition towards globalization began with the 1973 military coup led by Pinochet. This was a tumultuous period fraught with numerous violations of human rights and without a clear economic plan in place. Milton Friedman was brought in to advise Pinochet’s government on how to turn around Chile’s failing economy. This was important to Chile’s future because Friedman believed in a direct connection between economic and political freedom. In 1975 an economic plan was put into place. According to José