Chimpanzee And Bonobo Research Paper

Various primates show ability in their environment, some concepts may exist to other than human species or it may not. The author explains in depth the certain behaviours that come with forms of communication. Throughout this article, understanding the behavioural reasoning to observe predictions from one another. Social environment has been said to be suggested to represent the components. This mainstream article published online has a brief report and explains the facts by categories and only facts not opinions or comments. The specific format which describes the details right away and by the following paragraphs that help me understand it easier because it is not hard to read, the concept is right then and there. I like the fact that this article demonstrates the behavior of primates in formats that are understandable and can represent debate lies. Within assumption the examples given of behavior were simply a chimpanzee trying to go up a tree. A few chimpanzees took different roles tring to help each other up a tree. Experiments are said to look for evidence for primate subjects not just performing an act but also understanding

In the National Geographic documentary film, Among the Wild Chimpanzees, Jane Goodall pursues her desire to understand and investigate the foreign chimpanzees as it was a study of three generations on chimpanzees which was the longest study of any wild animal group in the world. Jane Goodall grew up in Bournemouth, England and since she was a young child, she was always fascinated with animals which enlightened her passion in investigating these chimpanzees even though many said, “You’ll never get near the chimpanzees.” Regardless of this, Jane Goodall’s approach to studying the chimpanzee's became revolutionary as it allowed future generations to further investigate chimpanzees. When the anthropologist Louis Leakey sent Jane on a mission

-The bonobo is the most recently discovered great ape in modern times.  It was revealed in 1929 by German anatomist Ernest Schwarz that a skull once thought belonging to a juvenile chimpanzee was in fact a new subspecies of chimpanzee known now as the Pan paniscus, or bonobo. (Waal 6)  During the Pleistocene epoch approximately 1.5 million years ago, the Congo River was formed in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (San Diego Zoo 2)  The river geographically segregated groups and individual chimpanzees south of the river resulting in these chimps being reproductively isolated.  Allopatric speciation took place as a response to new

Whether in the wild or in captivity, chimpanzees will benefit from the behaviors of other chimpanzees in a social learning environment (Hirata, 2009). Chimpanzees in the wild are known for behaviors involving tool use such as nut cracking, ant dipping, termite fishing, pestle pounding and many other techniques (Tonooka, Tomonaga & Matsuzawa, 1997). The skills are seen to be transferred culturally between communities and across many generations. An example of tool use behavior was studied in West Africa, where chimpanzees are known to crack nuts using stone or wooden tools. In Bossou, chimpanzees crack the nut Elaeis Guineensis” which is an oil palm nut, whereas in the Nimba mountains 10 km away from Bossou, chimpanzees would crack a doula nut called Coula edulis. Matsuzawa and others experimented by giving the doula nut to the Bossou chimpanzees, who had never seen or eaten this type of nut before. Besides one adult female, most of the chimpanzees sniffed the nut, picked it up but did not eat it or try and crack the shell. Through observational learning of the adult female that cracked the nut right away, two chimpanzees learned to crack the new nut that was put in their environment. This proved the first evidence of cultural transmission between communities and generations, where the adult chimpanzee grew up in a community nearby that had the same tradition of doula

Within this essay, we will study more in depth the behavioral as well as physical traits of two primates at a zoo from their interaction with their peers to their place in the group. This observation would enable us to further understand the possible existing correlation between humans and primates. First, I studied a female chimpanzee with her baby, and then, a dominant male gorilla, in San Francisco Zoo at about noon, on May 23, 2015, for an hour each. Even though they share some similarities such as having a large brain, living for a long time, and being bored in their enclosure, they are still different; when gorillas are the largest, chimpanzees are the smartest. In fact, chimps use tools to catch food, they would not be able to reach

Primate intelligence correlates to primate cognition which is the study of the intellectual and behavioral skills of primates (Low). In the book Human Evolution and Culture, chapter five "Human Evolution Biological and Culture" states that primates share a lot of common features with mammals but what makes them uniquely different than many other mammals is that primates have a wide range of physical and social traits (86). The social relationships of primates are unique because just like humans, they relationship begin with the mother and other adults that the younger dependable primates. "The dependency of infant primates offers an evolutionary benefit that allows infant primates more time to examine and master the intricate behaviors necessary to survival while enjoying the care and protection of mature adults."(87) Primates have the privilege of having a large brain the size similar to body size to learn the culture and the way of life they live. Larger brains give primates the advantage to obtain an enormous amount of learning and integrate data. Primates have a special gift in areas of their brain that's dedicated to speech and language. (94) Primates have the special ability to communicate with each other as well as with humans and are the "only habitual toolmaking animal" (96). Although primates are more cognitively advanced than many other animals/mammals, researchers and critics still debate on how to define, compare and study intelligence and the growth of

Chimpanzees (Figure 1) are the closest living relatives to us, and they share 99 percent of our DNA (1). Chimpanzees have distinct group territoriality. Male chimpanzees “patrol” near the boundary between the two ranges, at that time they move very carefully and quietly, and they can cease to listen and observe the range of their neighbors. Patrolling individuals are likely to face cruel and violent

A chimp named Judy was given a box to solve that consisted of a wheel that must be turned to drop the treat, and then a lever to be pushed that would open the door. She figured it out quite quickly, but what was interesting was that other types of apes in nearby cages learned how to do it by watching Judy and her cage mates. Social species also need to be able to cooperate to a certain extent to make themselves and others better off. Apes possess some cooperative skills, but they still come up far short of humans. Several reasons for this limit on cooperation are emotional issues, rivalry, violence, and impulsiveness. In an experiment where two apes were placed together in adjacent cages, one ape had two pieces of rope connected to a board with food on it. To obtain the food, both pieces of rope had to be pulled at the same time, but that required the help of another ape. One chimp realized he needed help and opened the door of the cage to let the other chimp in. Together, they pulled the board to the cage and received their treat. What the experimenters found was that the helper needed to be a friend and that the food must be in separate dishes for this to occur. However, bonobos, being incredibly social apes, were able to pull it together and eat out of one singular dish. This means that somewhere along the phylogeny of hominid evolution, humans were able to continue selection for the

The bonobo has pink lips, a black face, and black hair that parts straight down the middle of its head. It has tuff, black fur. It’s smaller, leaner, and darker than its cousin, the chimpanzee. Females weigh about 63 pounds and males weigh about 85 pounds. Male bonobos grow to be about 4 feet tall and females grow to be about 3.5 feet tall. They usually live to be about 60 years old. They eat fruits, leaves, flowers, insects, and small mammals. They are secondary consumers because they eat small mammals (primary consumers), leaves (producer), and bonobos are being hunted by humans.

Primates share many human-like factors, and over time, studies are able to now show that non-human primates have become even more like humans in terms of culture and lifestyle. Primates are intelligent, which allows parents of mammals to teach their young, and the young learn much like humans do. From detailed studies of ape behavior, it is concluded that apes, like humans, use tools and patterns to adapt from what they learn in social groups, rather than it being biological. Primates have been found to laugh, support each other, learn how to medicate themselves and others when in need, have family traditions, show off, grieve, and the list goes on. Learning such things, whether it be human or ape, varies from culture to culture, through social

Primates have always been viewed as a species that communicates by hand signals and other bodily gestures. The view that is now seen is that “comparative evidence suggests that primates are able, no less than humans, to intellectually perform and understand impulsive or habitual communicational

The captivity of primates in zoos can be viewed as maltreatment by animal welfare organizations since confining them in such establishments is going against their rights to be liberated and it may cause some unwanted stress, yet zoos provide various enrichment programs, medicinal assistance, scheduled meals that are appropriate for the primate’s diet, and conservation of the said animal. Primate captivity in zoos can be regarded as both moral and unethical for it imprisons primates, however, as their natural habitat dwindles, zoos also preserve primate population through captive breeding. Furthermore, zoos simultaneously deform the lives of the primates, garner sympathetic reactions from humans for these creatures, and inform

Gretchen Vogel, a contributing correspondent for the journal Science, wrote an article on how primate culture can help us learn the roots of human culture. Vogel refers to a primatologists and psychologists research on differences in habits between chimpanzee groups at different locations. The research mostly focuses on chimpanzees and their ability to learn from one another. Vogel writes about the evidence of primate culture that is based on field studies comparing the chimpanzee skills and behaviors in groups around Africa. According to Vogel geographic differences impacts a chimpanzee’s specific behavior and skills. She states that even if we do not consider primate behaviors a culture researchers say that primate traditions may offer insight

It is obvious that it would be advantageous for a primate species living in large social groups to develop elevated social cognitive abilities.

Bonobos use a wide range of communication patterns to help forage for food. In an article titled Preliminary Observation on the Feeding Behavior of Pan Paniscus, researchers studied the feeding behavior of Bonobos over a seven-month period. The researchers reported that when a small group (2-4 Bonobos) located a tree bearing ripe fruit, they would signal by vocalizing to the rest of the group (Badrian, 1981, p. 173-181). Bonobos use five distinct calls when searching for food and a combination of these calls to describe the food quality of the source that they have located (Clay, 2011). When a preferred food is found, peeps and barks are given to the others compared to yelps and grunts that are given to lesser preferred foods. When Bonobos have acquired their food, they are social in their food sharing patterns. A study done by Vicky M. Oeize and her team showed that hunting and meat sharing had more social than nutritional benefits (Oeize, 2008). In another study done that looked at the specifics of how they share their food, the results showed that it is voluntary (Hare, 2010). The experiment was conducted in three adjacent rooms, with the food being in the center room. One Bonobo was placed in the center room and rather than consuming all the food alone, eighty percent of the subjects opened one of the adjacent doors to share with a recipient, even if it meant the recipient would eat all the food.