Chimpanzee's and Tool Use

This study now proves that chimpanzees have an inherent system for genes and one for culture. These results have increased the processes looked at when examining a chimpanzees gene frequencies and phenotypic characteristics. Chimpanzees behavior may be culturally learned which changes their whole evolution. Learning more about chimpanzees and their evolution in culture can help us understand our evolution in culture. Scientists have been looking into how these behaviors are adapted between communities, they found that males stay in their natal community which means females are the ones who bring new behaviors to the group. Though there is still debate on how this exactly happens. Most new females who bring their natal group behavior into their new group will not be replicated. Some females drop their natal group behaviors completely when entering a new group, but there are some behaviors that make it through to other chimpanzees causing them to be socially learned. Lycett, Collard, And McGrew state that there needs to be more research on this subject because the integration of chimpanzee behavior is so

Goodall, J. (1971). In the Shadow of Man. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. The author’s goal in writing this book is to discuss her experiences and what she had learned from studying wild Chimpanzees. Goodall wrote this book in order to convey her knowledge of a species of animal she loves very much, so that others may become educated and join her in protecting them. She dreamed of going to Africa to see them, and was offered a job by Dr. Lewis Leakey. Goodall wanted nothing more than a chance to help. Her experiences in surrounding herself with them have completely changed the way scientists conduct field research. Whether she intended to or not, the data she has collected has debunked myths and uncovered truths about chimpanzees, while bringing more light to human behavior.

Within this essay, we will study more in depth the behavioral as well as physical traits of two primates at a zoo from their interaction with their peers to their place in the group. This observation would enable us to further understand the possible existing correlation between humans and primates. First, I studied a female chimpanzee with her baby, and then, a dominant male gorilla, in San Francisco Zoo at about noon, on May 23, 2015, for an hour each. Even though they share some similarities such as having a large brain, living for a long time, and being bored in their enclosure, they are still different; when gorillas are the largest, chimpanzees are the smartest. In fact, chimps use tools to catch food, they would not be able to reach

One study attempted to observe capuchin monkey’s ability to recognize cause and effect relationship in regards to tool use. An article in the international journal or primatology by Anthea Lavallee, describes the tests she conducted in a captive naturalistic environment on capuchin monkeys, as she writes, “I tested tufted capuchins' ability to conceive solutions to a probing task in a naturalistic captive setting” . The results showed at 3 out of the 5 capuchin monkeys displayed an ability to make and use tools that were presented to them from a wide variety of natural materials presented. Another study on the manipulation and tool use in captive yellow breasted capuchin monkeys was published in the “International Journal of Comparative Psychology” . This experiment consisted of six capuchin monkeys, who were placed in an environment where their tool using was tested and observed. The tools that were made available to the monkeys were transparent 9mm Plexiglas boxes with 3mm Plexiglas lids as well as different size stones. A piece of food was then placed into the box with the stones next to it and left for the capuchins. Each test subject was left isolated with the tools and box from the other test subjects, the subjects where successful if they used the stones to try and

This paper aims to study the traits of non-human primates. By observing two types of primates including Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and Western Gorillas (Gorilla Gorillas), I try to find out their characteristics, pattern of their behavior, and differences between these two primate species. Especially, characteristics and behavior such as social interaction, food acquisition and intelligence will be discussed and compared in this paper. In order to enhance the persuasiveness of my observation, I recorded and examined at least 25 distinct characteristics of both Common Squirrel Monkeys and Western Gorillas. It is also helpful for me to compare these two primates. Apart from exploring the primates’ traits and differentiation between them, this paper will discuss the effects of captivity. How being in captivity and on display in a zoo would influence their behaviors and emotions? The observation was a great success and I have successfully derived with a hypothesis base on our observing data. The ultimate goal of this paper is arousing humans’ awareness of the importance of studying primates.

The rarity of human uniqueness no longer exists in the thoughts of scientists believing that human ability skills lie within the construction and use of tools. As declared by Goodall in which chimpanzees used straight sticks after removing the leaves and branches to collect termites or ants for consumption. (Goodall, 1986) Other species both primate and non-primate demonstrate successful abilities., which include a sense of self as well as the theory of mind, by which other species recognize that other individuals contain different information than themselves. Different species also have the ability to communicate symbolically to one another through the sounds of vocalization. (Sapolsky R. M., 2006)

A 10 year practice of supervision for bonobos shows that they unlike chimpanzee walk on two extremities more often than chimpanzee males. They are less aggressive, than chimpanzee. The social hierarchy in their communities is not so cruel, and relations among sex are devoid of a strong man's dominant. Unlike other monkeys bonobo males stay the longest under their parent guardianship that decreased a lot male’s aggression. When chimpanzee finds food, males will take it no matter if the first who found it was a female which differs chimpanzee from bonobo (Wrangham and Peterson, 1996). Another reason of bonobo’s weak aggressiveness is that every female entering the community has a sexual relationship with the older female; they groom each other

While watching this video, I learned that humans and chimps have much more similarities than what I had previously believed. Female chimps like humans, tend to show their infants affection and safety. They will keep them within their grasps and try to keep other away to keep them safe, as well as show them affection by playing with them. Humans also show these characteristics with their infants, they will “shower them with love and care” in order to bring them up with the mentality that family equals safety and trust. However unlike, chimps humans will allow other to carry or show affection to their infants, while in the chimpanzee community the mother will not allow others to take their infants. There were many parts of this video that I found not

Chimpanzees are a native of Africa. Their range is roughly 2.5 million km^2. Spanning twenty-two countries in west, central, and into east Africa. However, seventy seven percent of the wild population lives in the

Chimpanzees use there opposable thumbs just as humans do, this means that their thumbs can hold objects in the position opposite to their attached fingers. One characteristic that chimpanzees do not share with humans are their facial structure. Chimpanzees have prominent eye ridges, flattened nose, a very large jaw, and thin lips. As with humans their facial structure contains small eyebrow ridges, protruding nose, a flattened jaw, and large lips. Chimpanzees share the fingernail trait that many other mammals do not share with humans. For example, most of the other mammals such as big cats, bears, and dogs all have sharp claws at the end of the finger. As with chimpanzees and human share flatter fingernails with a sensitive palmer surface. Another characteristic human and chimpanzees do not have in common is the amount hair their bodies. Humans have a limited proportion of hair covering their skin. One example would be, for human hair it is only more common to grow on certain parts of the body such as, head, armpits, and genitals. As with chimpanzees they have dense hair that covers most of their body except, the face, feet, and the surface of their hands. Finally the last characteristic they share are single pair of mammary glands. As with dogs, cats, and other smaller mammals, they tend to have multiple pairs of mammary glands. But with humans and chimpanzees they share one pair of mammary glands. Another characteristic they do not have in common are the way they walk. As humans are known to stand and walk on two feet, as where the chimpanzee shuffles around on all fours. Humans walk like this, because their legs are longer than their arms and have the ability to straighten the knee. Chimpanzees have longer arms than humans and their knees stay

Primates, especially Chimpanzee 's, are one of the closest relatives to Homo sapiens on planet Earth today. With the development of zoos in modern society, the observation of these animals has become a relatively easy task and have allowed for humans to observe their actions and behaviors in close proximity and in an in-depth manner. I have been to numerous zoos throughout my lifetime and have viewed all sorts of different primates and in particular chimpanzee 's. Chimpanzees are highly interesting as they are closely related to humans and many of their behaviors are similar to that of humans yet, they are taken out of their natural environments and put in these so called zoo 's. Over my time viewing these animals from previous trips to the zoo, it seems that every time I went to the Chimpanzee exhibit there was less excitement than anticipated and the Chimp 's seemed to very relaxed and essentially just sat or laid around for hours upon hours. After taking this into consideration, I wanted to test the reasons for this relaxed state and answer the question of why the Chimpanzee 's seem so relaxed and somewhat docile when in captivity? Why are they so relaxed around the hundreds of zoo goers that go in and out of the zoo every day? Do they not view them as a threat? These questions helped me form my hypothesis of if a chimpanzee is in captivity it will have a more relaxed nature than it being in its own natural habitat due to having no predators and scheduled feeding times.

The chimpanzees were captured over three decades ago and kept in cage that was far too small, deep in the jungle of Vilab. The island soon earned the nickname “Monkey Island.” While living in cages the chimpanzees were deprived of natural food and the water in the region was

The link between chimpanzees and us is closer than I imagined, separated by 6 million years and only 1.2% of DNA. Interesting aspects of the documentary were the aspects on what makes us human, and the conclusions reached from the multiple experiments ran to find the similarities and differences between chimps and us.

With the exception of humans chimpanzees use objects from their environment as tools better than any other living animals. Chimpanzees not only use tools, they combine them and use them in sequence , and create new tools. Most chimpanzee groups have tool kits that consists of twenty different tools. Tools in a tool kit are used for many functions like grooming,feeding,sociality and courtship. A tool set is a group of two or more tools that are used in sequence to achieve a goal. An example chimpanzees in Gabon use a tool set that is made of five tools (a collector,enlarger, perforator, pounder and swab) to get honey. Tools in a tool set must be used in the correct

two species are so similar. As human populations grow, so does the risk of disease transmission between humans and chimpanzees. On 12 June 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced it will classify all chimpanzees, both wild and captive, as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Before this ruling, only wild chimpanzees were listed as endangered, while captive chimpanzees were listed as threatened under the act. The final rule was published in the Federal Register of 16 June 2015, and came into effect 90 days after publication on September 14, 2015. Just like the Bengal Tiger, worldwildlife.org is trying their best to help out the Chimpanzees. They stated, “WWF establishes, strengthens, and manages protected areas in Central