China 's New Policy Plan

As the modern day economy continues to grow, more and more discussion are emerging revolving around what are the factors that led to the successful economic growth in some countries and one country that has been gaining researcher’s interest is China and the development of Beijing from a third world country in the to a developed and Newly industrialized country today.

Shanghai has inherited geographical advantages compared to other cities in China. “shanghai is located at the T-shaped junction along the sea coast and the Changing River.” (Zou et al. 2001)

I"It matters not whether the cat is black or white, as long as it catches mice." Deng Xiaoping

Despite extensive criticism, proponents of the measure feel that it has improved life in China. The policy, implemented in 1979, “was created by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic and environmental problems in China” (Cabrera). Supporters of the policy claim that is has been successful. One measurement of a country’s success is its financial growth and China has seen an improvement in that respect. “With that rapid GDP growth, has come better nutrition, rising levels of education, longer life expectancies, and higher living standards for the vast majority of Chinese people.” (Azubel 2). Unfortunately, that financial growth has had little impact on the isolated farms and villages.

Ever since the 1980s, China had begun a great push toward urban modernization. Unsustainable, however, this push for continued urbanization dramatized an already problematic urban and rural disparity. In turn, this also fed into other major sociopolitical issues. Among them were environmental degradation and many food safety scandals, which threatened China’s consumer confidence.

In the book China: A Nation in Transition, many topics are covered, including the one-child policy, religious ceremonies, and most importantly, women's rights and emancipation. In the chapter Chinese Communism and Emancipation of Women, the reader learns about various issues China has with gender inequality between men and women along with quickly growing campaigns and efforts in the pursuit of equal rights. For example, this chapter covers what rulers have done in order to help women , like when the young Mao Zedong added women studying abroad to his socialist society, along with pointing out some discrepancies between men and women, like passing the Health Care and Labor Organizations law creating limitations on jobs women can perform. On

As well as environmental concerns, there are also social concerns, such as the rural population are not seeing the positives of the economic boom, which is not fair as they work just as hard. Also it’s the rapid development that is taking their farm land to either convert it to homes for the county’s fast growing population and taking land in place of factories for the also fast growing industries – housing is regularly demolished and in 2007 300,00 people were evicted from their homes; to create space. 20% of the Chinese population live on less than $1 per day, also in China, child labour is not uncommon, and this is in order to keep up with the rapid growth within industries.

throughout China. “An expansive new infrastructure grid-- which includes a 13,000 kilometer high-speed rail network, over 60,000 kilometers of new highways, and nearly a hundred new airports-- was spread over the country.” (Shepard) Unlike Kibera, China has rapid urban development. They are taking farmland, and turning it into cities. While more than 50% of the world’s population will be living in Chinese cities, the government has been working to make sure that the country’s cities are going to be long-term. “By 2030, Chinese cities will be home to more than 1 billion people- or up to 70% of the population. This rapid pace of urbanization has required some innovative plans in China. Local, regional and national policy- makers and planners are working to ensure the long- term sustainability of the country’s cities.” (Myers)

As of 2012 in China more people live in urban areas within the last two decades people have been moving because of economic opportunities with the society changing from an agrarian society to a more modern one. “75 percent of Chinese are estimated to live in urban areas in the next 20 years with the demand for more transit, energy, water, and other vital sources will be a test for city planners”. From December, 2010 to December, 2011, 21 million people arrived in Chinese urban area which is the population for Sri Lanka. Another Chinese Government source estimates more than 100 million farmers will migrate to cities by 2020

The complexity of China’s overall marital and family status, gender equality and standard living shows that there is visible inequality that exists between China’s Rural and Urban areas. In 1966 and 1967, Chairman of the Communist Party of China, Mao Tse-Tung, had characterized a social movement known as the Red Guards. The Red Guards were China’s future as a minority organization during the Cultural Revolution. This Revolution reestablished Mao’s campaign from the Great Leap Forward in 1958-1961. The Great Leap Forward was Mao’s way of restoring a Democratic society into a Communist society which was to abolish the Capitalist and traditional principles of Marxism in China. Waiting, by Ha Jin, contrasts between inequality of traditional rural

Brown (1995) argues that there are a number of factors that are reducing the food supply in China, which will subsequently have negative impacts for the nation and the world in the future. According to the author, the largest concern impacting China’s arable land is lack of land reserved for agriculture (Brown, 1995, pg. 1). He illustrates a ‘double whammy’ of negatives: the industrialization that has increased incomes also results in a reduction of potential cropland. Particularly in the southern coast of China, industrialization has encroached on arable land. This area tends to have some of the worlds most productive agricultural land, but that land is lost to urbanization (pg.

Imagine a place where everyone is entitled to a free car, a free house, and free healthcare. The Communist utopia is as if put at work in the paradise of Huaxi Village, a township in Jiangsu around 80 miles away from China’s economic powerhouse, Shanghai. When China effectively embraced a semi-capitalist approach in the 1980s, Huaxi was an agrarian hovel, reachable only by dirt roads. Wu Renbao, the transformative village party secretary, seized on the new market freedoms to shift the Huaxi economy from primarily farming to manufacturing and trade. Yet, privatization was not selected: the residents would pour their money into a collective pot and share in the take from whatever new profit they gained. Originally a TVE, the Huaxi Group

Throughout time China and its society has changed drastically. Rural society occupies about half of china today, roughly around 60 percent. They have very different ideas of living and life patterns. Some are beginning to become more modern, as some try there hardest to stay the same. People who live in these societies like how primitive and low the standards of living area, while some want change. Fei Xiaotong shows this throughout his book in detail. From the 1950s and on, China's revolutionary government had made great efforts to put the state and its ideology into contact with different villages and to push aside the intermediaries and or brokers who had traditionally thought central policies and national customs for those who lived

This evidence shows that urbanisation contributes a lot to the public transport system in Guangdong. There have built several different kinds of public transports that can connect to many other cities. People can use these public transports equally. By using these convenient transports, people can live a high-efficiency life because less time is spent on the way. That is to say, even those people far away from Guangdong can go to Guangdong quickly and access the resources in Guangdong more easily. So people can enjoy different kinds of resources equally because of convenient transport. Secondly, urbanisation brings more goods to citizens and people can improve their life quality by using these goods. According to Li & Yao (2009, p. 1995), electrical appliances are becoming popular because of urbanisation. For example, air conditional owner-ship is rapidly growing up in China. Some families even have more than two units. From this evidence, it can be showed that urbanisation brings more modernised goods such as air conditioners to citizens. Citizens can access these useful goods more easily and they are able to live a higher standard life by using these goods. They have the same opportunities to buy these goods to improve their life quality. This means the opportunities to improve the quality of life can become equal in the society. All in all, urbanisation builds an equitable

Many believe that the city of Shenzhen will become one of the most important cities in the world in the coming decades. It’s geographic, social, financial, and political position within the Chinese ecosystem makes Shenzhen the potential city of the future. Over the past decades China witnessed enviable Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth year over year, taking into account the economic collapse of 2008. The engine behind that growth was the city of Shenzhen. A city comprised of fishing villages and a population of around 30,000 in the 1970’s is now a city with over 10 million residents and has experienced growth like the world has never seen before. In less than half a century, the city is a far cry from what it used to be, and is often referred to as the “instant city.”