China 's Political And Social Structures

Since the start of the 20th century, with the fall of the Qing dynasty, when China was in shambles with no industry, a corrupt government and no international presence, all the way up until today, where China has evolved into one of the strongest internationally recognized countries with a highly globalized market, the relationship between the Chinese people and its government has been debated on whether or not Chinese society is one ruled and dominated by a central government or a society where social change occurred because of bottom-up forces leading to a government for the people. China, since 1949, has been a country, which has been run by a single party state, known as the CCP (Chinese Communist Party). The CCP is organized under the basis of a central, unchallenged party governing the people by the means of communism. Throughout the past century, the CCP has dictated and maintained a rule over the livelihood of its people by monopolizing Chinese politics and penalizing those who opposed it, through central command planning and on the other spectrum, radical economic reforms at the end of the 20th century in the interest of keeping the CCP in power.

Communism in China as we know has played a major role in the countries political system over the past century. Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were the co-founders of the communist party in 1921. At the time China was in a world or turmoil ever since the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. For 10 years China was lost in a world with new ideas coming from all over the world. At the time, Duxiu and Dazhao saw an opportunity to bring change throughout a weakened China and they exploited it. The communist influence being brought by them and powers such as Russia influenced the Chinese way of thinking that Communism had new beliefs of the world and that all people should be seen as equal under the new government. Personally I am a very strong believer in

As with other civilizations, Chinese agriculture, especially irrigated agriculture, necessitated centralized political authority. It took centuries to take shape, but the early river civilizations moved from decentralized settlements to an expansive kingdom (covering most of the geography currently associated with China) by 221 BCE. The Chinese political structure was not centralized, but rather it was a feudal system. Though the emperor ruled from the capital city, lived in a palace, and required protection supplied by palace guards, he also ruled by consent from important landowning families called the nobility, or feudal lords. These lords exacted payments (usually a percentage of the annual harvest) from peasants, who were legally bound

China has changed in certain ways and remained the same in others from the early Golden Ages to the late 1900s. China has experienced a series of cultural and political transformations, shaping the lives of many Chinese citizens. Culturally, the country’s art and literature hardly changed for almost eight hundred years. Along with their culture, China remained politically the same from the beginning of the Golden Ages all the way until the 1800s. On the other hand, China’s government and society were restructured after new leaders took over. From a monarch to total communism, China’s society had a multitude of new ideas and policies they had to adapt to.

Today’s China is the most populous country in the world and is so one of the most important political and economical forces in the world.

explained, in part, by the historical and political evolution of China as it emerged from

As many other countries around the world China has its long history of a struggle for equality and prosperity against tyrants and dictatorships. The establishment of People’s Republic of China in 1949 seemed to have put an end to that struggle for a better life. “The Chinese people have stood up!” declared Mao Tse-tung, the chairman of China’s Communist Party (CPP) – a leading political force in the country for the time. The people were defined as a coalition of four social classes: the workers, the peasants, the petite bourgeoisie and the national-capitalists. The four classes were to be led buy the CPP, as the leader of the working class.

“The Party: The Secret World Of China’s Communist Rulers,” by Richard McGregor is a book which provides detailed insight into the Communist Party of China, revealing many of the secret underpinnings of how the party is run, and explores the question of how they have continued to stay in power for so long. While other strong socialist powers, such as the Soviet Union and Eastern Germany, fell at the end of the 20th century, the CPC was able to stay in control and ultimately come out of that period even stronger. In McGregor’s own words “the party picked itself up off the ground, reconstituted its armor and reinforced its flank. Somehow, it has outlasted, outsmarted, outperformed, or simply outlawed its critics, flummoxing the pundits who have predicted its demise at numerous junctures.” Instead of letting its own ideologies weaken its power, the CPC has continually adapted and transformed its policies and goals in order to maintain their stronghold over the nation. Through his impressive list of Chinese scholars and political contacts, McGregor is able to lay out the fundamental workings inside the Chinese government and the impressive actions they’ve taken to remain such a powerful organization.

​According to Lawrence (1998), the future of China will largely depend on its top leaders. Their priorities, reputations, and ability to get local officials and society at large to support their policies will shape the course of future events. At the vanguard of the group of up-and coming leaders is Hu Jintao, who joined the Communist Party’s most senior body, the seven-man politburo Standing Committee, at the age of 49 in 1992.

As an effect from the civil war, the Chinese has changed in many ways, and when inspecting these changes, one can see that a lot of these changes have helped turn China into a dystopian society. As a result from the civil war in China between Communists and Nationalists, and the Communist victory, China has remained a single-party with Communists in control. The Chinese government also supplies their citizens with very little personal rights and freedoms, castigating many who oppose them. Also, China’s government works in way that in China, one’s personal relationships would matter much more than one’s position in the politburo, the main group of decision makers. To add on, there are multiple parts to this government that do do different things,

Ho-fung Hung’s work attempts to reconcile the widespread expectation that China’s rise would lead to a fundamental change in the global status quo with the observed fact that China has become increasingly connected to and one with the global status quo. To do this, he must first examine China’s rise and prove that it upholds the global status quo, and further must look into the origins of China’s rise, going back to the 13th century, to understand why this rise seemingly changed so little about the global world order.

A “Party-State” exists when the party and the state are interconnected within the state 's leadership, organizations, and society from the top down. Sujian Guo states in his book Chinese Politics in Comparative Communist Systems, “The existence of the party-state and the blending of the political and administrative functions is one of the distinctive characteristics of the communist system world wide” (Guo 9). These “Party-State Relations” occur in all communist countries. There are many key features of Party-State Relations. Firstly, the members of the controlling party (China Communist Party) have a key role in political decisions. The party holds major influence in major political appointments, promotions, and dismissals of the members of the legislature, the state administration, and the judiciary. This influence allows the party to maintain control over the goals and actions of the government and to ensure that they aligned with that of the controlling party. Another key feature of the Party-State relations is that the parties infiltration of the government allows them to make decisions in all of the state affairs and institutions because they are led by the party leaders. The Party-State has officials covering all areas of the government, such as; ministers, state presidents, presidents of parliament and judiciary, officers in the military, the police, etc. The number of positions held by party leaders creates a strong control over the different divisions of the

Not only economically but socially, influences of China has been substantial. Economic and social status of China are firm that it can not be oversighted. However, law related intellectual property rights has been rising issues in China. First step to solve the problem is realize there is one. It is critical to recognize which elements are violating IPR. Basic systematic error of IPR and counterfeit culture in China are main factors for the obstacles.

In consequence this exposes the institutional challenges that confront the ‘state capitalism’ model of China, including attempts to both maintain and broaden the Party-state’s level of control. In consequence, the future prospects of VIEs in China are dependent upon the way in which Chinese policy-makers decide to respond to these institutional challenges.

In 1949 the Chinese Communist Party (CPP) beat the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War becoming the reigning regime in China. The new communist leadership drastically changed China’s future. Today the CCP remains in power in China, shaping every aspect of Chinese society. Academics like Chalmers Johnson argue that the CCP’s ability to mobilize Chinese peasants ultimately led to the CCP’s victory. This paper will supplement Johnson’s argument by examining how KMT economic, military, and ideological missteps led to the CCP’s victory.