Chlorofluorocarbon Pros And Cons

A range of emotional factors including fear, stress, anxiety, and pain can affect a person’s ability to breathe correctly and efficiently. The healthcare environment involves a considerable amount of stress and anxiety. Patients often demonstrate fear for their own well- being or

However, the effect of this process was unknown. Within three months, the pair developed the CFC ozone depletion theory. They determined that as the CFCs are broken down by solar radiation, the chlorine atoms are released into the atmosphere. As the chlorine atoms encounter ozone molecules, the two react to form chlorine oxide and an oxygen molecule. When the chlorine oxide molecule encounters another ozone molecule, two oxygen molecules form, the chlorine molecule is released, and the process begins again. Molina determined that over 100,000 ozone molecules could be destroyed by a single chlorine atom. In addition, CFCs could contain up to four atoms of chlorine per molecule. Molina predicted that in 60 years, CFCs could destroy 7% of the ozone in the earth's

When an asthmatic takes an inhaler “Albuterol sulfate”, the medication works by reducing the inflammation in the airway paths “bronchi and bronchioles” of the lungs, allowing the patient to breath without constriction or symptoms of asthma.

Jane’s asthma was acute severe. Initially to alleviate some of Jane’s breathlessness she was sat up right in the bed and supported with pillows to improve air entry. Due to her low oxygen saturations she was placed on 40% oxygen via Hudson mask (BTS 2006), as Jane was mouth breathing the mask was the appropriate device to use to ensure adequate oxygenation (Walsh 2002). According to Inwald et al (2001) hypoxemia is frequently a primary cause in numerous asthma related deaths. By administering oxygen promptly, for acute severe asthma, serious hypoxemia

The ozone should always stay in tact to protects the earth from UV radiation, which is harmful to humans (skin cancer) and also the earth (global warming). If allowed to build up indoors, VOCs often contribute to lightheadedness, headaches, allergies and more importantly has also scientifically proven harmful to asthma sufferers. As a matter of fact, according to Professor Roy Harrison, professor of environmental health at Birmingham University, there is a body of research on VOCs in the indoor environment which links them with those kinds of symptoms - headaches and not feeling so good (news.bbc.co.uk). After proven to have negative effects on the ozone layer as well as humans, the production of CFCs was shut down and in fact it’s banned in the US. Some scientists were not convinced by the act of banning CFCs in spite of all these evidences. “Given the large economic impact of a ban — it was estimated that industries relying on CFC production generated $8 billion in business and employed 200,000 people in 1974 — several scientists in the field advocated waiting a few years for science to make more progress on the issue before making any policy decisions.” (bio.sunyorange.edu)

In the late 1970’s scientists concluded that products releasing carbonflourochloride (CFC) was causing the ozone to deplete. The ozone layer is a protective layer from the sun’s rays and depleting the ozone layer allowed the stronger, harmful to health on earth, rays to get through. International action was taken in 1987 and the Montreal Protocol came into being. It was an international treaty to phase out CFC producing products. It went into effect in 1988 and has achieved international success. Once the Montreal Protocol had been agreed to the World Health Organization released information on the harmful effects CFC’s were having on the ozone

It looks exactly like your typical inhaler. It performs in the the same way too, but without the albuterol.

tongue and oral mucosa and not get inhaled into the lungs. Advair Diskus is a dry powder

Mr. Joseph is a 56-year-old has 30 smoking pack years. He was diagnosed 10 years ago with asthma/chronic bronchitis, arthritis of the knees, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Mr. Joseph weighs 350 pounds with a height of 6 feet, making his body mass index (BMI) of 47.5, much more than the recommended 25, and in fact his BMI places him in the morbid obesity classification. He takes medicines for his pulmonary conditions, along with a diuretic.

Do not use ProAir® RespiClick (albuterol sulfate) Inhalation Powder if you are allergic to albuterol sulfate, lactose, or milk proteins. Contact your doctor right away if you develop red, itchy bumps on your skin, swelling beneath your skin or in your throat, rash or worsening trouble breathing. If you have a milk allergy, the ProAir HFA inhaler will still be available.

Stevens, the dose should not be more than 2mg up to 4 times a day. This dose may be slowly increased, up to 32mg per day. The purpose of Albuterol is to dilate the bronchioles and prevent airway obstruction caused by the COPD. Due to its adrenergic properties, common side effects include nervousness, restlessness, tremor, headache, chest pain, and palpitations. Excessive use of inhalers could result in paradoxical bronchospasm. Albuterol binds to adrenergic receptors which lead to increased levels of cAMP. Kinases are activated by cAMP, inhibit the phosphorylation of myosin, and decrease intracellular calcium; intracellular calcium relaxes the smooth muscle airways. The nurse should assess the lung sounds, pulse and blood pressure before administering albuterol, and should be aware that nebulized forms of the medication may result in temporary low levels of potassium. Pulmonary function tests should be monitored prior to and during treatment. Mr. Stevens should prime the unit with four sprays before using, and should contact his primary care physician if shortness of breath is not relieved, or it is joined by diaphoresis, palpitations, dizziness, or chest pain. Mr. Stevens should also discard his canister after 200 sprays (Vallerand, 116).

Perfluorocarbons down sides is that they must be prepared as emulsions—a liquid state—because they cannot stay in an aqueous state for very long. Also to guarantee that tissues fully oxygenate the patients must breath at a linear rate—a very even and consistent rate—because PFCs are passive oxygen absorbers. PFCs can also cause a reduced platelet count in the blood, which can cause flu-like symptoms. Also an increased intake and/or continuous intake of PFCs may cause allergic reactions (Veni et al. 39). Further clinical trials with adjustments to PFCs are currently ongoing in an attempt to lessen the side effects (Fridey 4), in hope to eventually exit the boundaries of clinical trials. Transition sentence?

I experienced my 1st problem while climbing to camp 1 where my health got critical. However I was given the inhaler by the physician

Scientists all over the world have been widely researching to find out ways in which the ozone layer is being destroyed through human actions. The ozone layer is gradually being destroyed by ozone depleting chemicals. These chemicals include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydroflourocarbons (HFCs), methyl bromide, halons, methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride among others (Ryding 173). These chemicals are used locally in coolants, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, aerosol propellants and foaming agents.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s): CFC’s are lowering the average concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. “Since 1978 the use of CFC’s in aerosol cans has been banned in the United States, Canada and most Scandinavian countries. Aerosols are still used around the world and accounts for 25% of global CFC’s use”. (Miller 448). Spray cans discarded or leaking refrigerator and air conditioning equipment and the burning plastic foam products release the CFC’s into the atmosphere. Depending on the type, CFC’s stay in the atmosphere from 22 to 111 years.” Chlorofluorocarbons move up to the stratosphere gradually over several decades. Under high energy ultra violet (UV) radiation break them down and release chlorine atoms, which speed up the breakdown of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2). Chlorofluorocarbons, also known as Freons, are green house gas that contributes to global warming. Photochemical air pollution is commonly referred to as “smog”. Smog is the contraction of the words smoke and fog, smog has been caused by water condensing on smoke particles, usually from burning coal. With the introduction of petroleum to replace coal economies in countries, photochemical smog has become predominant in many cities, which are located in sunny warm and dry climates with many motor vehicles. The worst episodes of