Chlorophyll Essay

Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthesising organisms which live in water. In favourable environmental conditions they have a very high rate of reproduction. They are eaten by microscopic animals called zooplankton. In an investigation, samples of water were removed from a lake at intervals over a twelve-month period and the biomasses of these organisms were determined. The results are shown in the graph.

The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of white, green, and dark light on a photosynthetic plant using a volumeter and followed by the calculation of the net oxygen production using different wavelengths color of white and green light, and also the calculation of oxygen consumption under a dark environment, and finally the calculation of the gross oxygen production.

Oceans cover approximately 75% of Earth 's surface and are vital to this planet and the people who inhabit it. Oceans provide food, natural resources, and recreation for nearly everyone in this world. Unfortunately Oceans have been receiving mass amount of pollutants including oil spills, toxic waste dumping, and industrial dumping. These pollutants will have negative impacts on the wildlife in the ocean, as we are seeing already with the Coral Reefs, and soon enough it will begin to affect our lives as well.

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by environmental factors like light intensity, light wavelength, and temperature. This experiment will test the

Table 6.1.1 displays the matlab output of beta, standard error, t-statistic and p-value for the two independent variables during 10-year period. It is found that beta of X1 is 0.2750 which indicates there is a positive relationship between the utilities excess return and the healthcare excess return. This positive relationship is statistically significant as the p-value is close to 0 which is much less than the significance level of 5%. In addition, the standard error of X1 is 0.0300 which represents the average distance that the observed values fall from the regression line. This indicates that the model fits the data. In contrast, it is found that the material excess return is negatively

Kelp forests are seen as the ultimate ecological engineer in coastal areas. They exist in marine environments spanning in southern California, Aleutian Islands, and the western north Atlantic. Light, latitude, and water temperature and nutrients all play a role in facilitating the growth of kelp forests all around the world, (Bolton). Kelp specifically dominates the shallow rocky coasts of the world‘s cold water marine habitats. Although they look as a free-growing plant, they are in fact primarily of brown algae. These structures provide food and shelter to a huge mix of biota, including crabs, sea urchins, mollusks, and other marine organisms (Steneck). The fronds, or large leaves of the kelp are the distinctive feature that can represent where a specific kelp may be found. The sizes of these organisms can range from the smallest found near California and Alaska at 5m to giant kelp up to 45m in length found on the west coasts of North and South America (Hamilton).

In this episode of the BBC documentary series, “The Blue Planet: Open Ocean,” we were able to explore the abundance and complications of the open ocean, the pelagic zone. Over 60% of our planet is covered by the ocean, yet the deep sea is largely still unknown. We know more about the moon than what we know about the deep ocean. The temperature and the level of sunlight decrease as the depth increases. The ocean may appear uniform from the surface, but there is several layers to the ocean. The pelagic zone contains the most area of the open ocean. The zone includes everything except for the coastal waters and the sea floor. However, even within this area, there are variation since some part is lifeless with very little amount of organisms and

The initial experiment was a success. As our treatment group spent more and more time under the lights, the absorbance rate continues to decrease toward zero. Once our 30 minutes were up, the absorbance rate in each tube was significantly lower than at the start of our experiment. In contrast the two control groups did significantly lower the absorbance. Each control lacked one of the vital aspects of photosynthesis, one being light, and the other being chloroplast. Neither of the control groups (Control 1 or 2) showed any signs of photosynthesis. Control 1 was exposed to light, but contained no photosynthetic organelles thus the absorbance throughout the 30 minutes varied minimally, mostly staying stagnant. Control two which contained chloroplast but was not exposed to any light failed to lower the absorbance at all and in fact increased the absorbance over the 30 minutes. However, the treatment group contained both and ultimately performed photosynthesis as we expect therefore, confirming our assumption that chloroplast were the organelles required for photosynthesis in plants and that light is required to perform said photosynthesis. The treatment group, containing both the chloroplast and being exposed to light provided evidence that photosynthesis was taking place as the absorbance lowered at each 10-minute interval. Having a less absorbance would be desired because as DCIP became reduced we would expect the solution to become more and more clear, thus less

The Supra-littoral zone is one of the harshest terrains for organisms to exist in. The organisms that live in this region are facing problems like gas exchange, desiccation, temperature changes and feeding. It is only covered during storms and extremely high tides and is moistened by the spray of the breaking waves. Organisms are exposed to the drying heat of the sun in the summer and to extreme low temperatures in the winter. Because of these severe conditions, only a few resistant organisms live here. The dominate organisms that reside within this zone are Blue grey Periwinkles. Using Transect lines for over 30m, we evaluated the effects of several factors on this zone, including (1) predation, (2) herbivory, (3) plant—plant competition, (4) plant—animal competition, and (5) physical disturbance from high—energy waves. The interaction having the greatest effect on the structure of this zone was desiccation and high temperatures. However the Blue grey Periwinkle has been specially adapted to the harsh conditions of the dry upper littoral zone. They are able to trap water inside their shell to prevent moisture escaping, and cling to the rock face while the tide is out. As we can see from the abiotic data the temperature at the Supra littoral zone is also very high reaching 25 degrees compared to the other zones reaching only 20 degrees. Furthermore the special adaptations of the Blue Grey Periwinkle allow it to be the most dominant

The COral Reef Airborne Laboratory, or CORAL, is a water mission in the biosphere that will attempt to measure the condition of certain coral reefs and create empirical models that show the relationship between the condition of these reefs and other factors using both field and air observations. The biogeophysical factors being observed include biodiversity, sea surface temperature, photosynthetically available radiation, aragonite saturation state, significant wave height, and the threat levels of coastal development, marine pollution, overfishing, watershed pollution, and integrated local threat (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, n.d.). CORAL will help marine biologists monitor the condition of coral reefs and predict the future of those reefs with both field and air observation.

Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic inputs of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere have increased dramatically. Concentrations in the atmosphere have risen 40% from 1750 to 2011, reaching record highs of 390.5 ppm (Stocker, et al., 2013). Due to this, the amount of dissolved CO2 in the oceans has also increased causing acidification of the oceans which can have several effects, mainly on calcifying organisms. Climate change has also influenced the stratification of the oceans due to density changing affecting nutrient distribution. So far, although a number of methods have been explored, there have been no solutions that don’t have their own issues.

This lab was called photosynthesis: understanding photosynthesis. It is a highly complex process that needs to be broken down in many steps to understand how it works. This lab covers the big components in photosynthesis including carbon dioxide intake, light consumption, and varying pigmentation.

Without photosynthesis we would not be able to receive energy. We should be more appreciate of plants, without them we would not survive. This paper will explain the basic components require for photosynthesis, the role of chlorophyll, how energy is transferred, and photosystems I and II and the most precious product results of photosynthesis.

     Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plant, algae, and some bacteria harness the energy of light to produce food. Nearly all living things depend on energy produced from photosynthesis for their nourishment, making it vital to life on Earth. It is also responsible for producing the oxygen that makes up a large portion of the Earth¡¦s atmosphere. Factors that affect photosynthesis are light intensity and wave length, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

Goal 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seeks to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.” Targets 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5 and 14.a, aim to improve the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems by a specified date, and avoid adverse impacts to the environment by addressing specific kinds of marine pollution. These are measurable in so far that it is scientifically possible to quantify nutrient pollution, ocean acidity, marine debris, biodiversity etc., across space and time, as well as the impacts of such indicators on other areas of the environment. In principle the lack of analysis of certain aspects of marine ecosystem degradation makes it somewhat difficult to identify causal mechanisms in changes to the environment.