Choas Theory In Biology Essay

“Chaos theory proves that unpredictability is built into our daily lives.”(Crichton 313). Ian Malcolm’s words resolve the book, Jurassic Park, in a very absolute way. Throughout the book, Malcolm, spoke about chaos theory and his self proclaimed “Malcolm Effect” to explain his reasoning in his predictions. Ian Malcolm had predicted the demise of Jurassic Park even before its opening, as well as its multiple problems and difficulties. Malcolm’s theory is evidenced countless times throughout the story of Jurassic Park; dinosaurs are breeding, dinosaurs are escaping, and systems fail.

Lakatos’ view is founded on the premise that demarcation can be settled by looking at the theory and deciding whether or not it has the ability to predict a future event. Lakatos begins his paper by arguing that certain propositions that came before him do not truly address the issue of demarcation and rather they tend to cause problems when viewing the issue as a whole. Lakatos notes a glaring flaw with prevailing ideas as it does not address the fact that most scientists would disregard such falsities as anomalies or create an auxiliary to serve as an addendum to their theory. Lakatos claims that for a theory to be considered a science, that it must have the ability to forecast occurrences. That is to say that these theories must have the ability to predict something to happen. The application of Lakatos’ view is clearly explained by a few examples that he notes namely the reoccurrence of Halley’s Comet. Lakatos notes, “Halley, working in Newton’s programme, calculated on the basis of observing a brief stretch of a comet’s path that it would return in seventy-two years’ time; he calculated to the minute when it would be seen again at a well-defined point of the sky. This was incredible. But seventy-two years later, [when both Newton and Halley were long dead,] Halley’s Comet returned exactly as Halley predicted” (Lakatos transcript) exemplifying his idea regarding the necessity of a theory to predict a future event. However, it must be noted that the future event does not

Throughout recorded history, man has sought explanations for the various phenomena that occur in every facet of nature, and when no obvious answer is forthcoming, still a theory is often proposed.  These explanatory theories, often taking the form of stories or chronicles, are usually linked to some sort of mysticism or divine intervention.  By ascribing that which he does not understand to the gods’ will at work, man avoids facing up to his own lack of knowledge in a given area, and also draws comfort from assuming that the universe does indeed function under the guidance of divine beings.  Thus the explanatory accounts that man crafts enhance his own security, quelling the fear of chaos that

Chaos theory engages with the certain physical systems, which are extremely sensitive to the changes in initial conditions. The equations describing a system are highly interdependent. Therefore, even a small change in the system can result in a large effect on the later condition of the system. Since it is impossible to measure all the initial parameters exactly, the trajectory of the system’s operation is inherently indeterminate. That is, this theory is represented by the interdependence among constituents of a system and the uncertainty of the possible conditions of its stages of development. In the highly complex interrelatedness and indeterminacy, this cosmos evolves as a self-organizing creation through “the interplay of chance and law.” In that sense, as Ilya Prigogine and Stuart Kauffman hold, our cosmos is in the continuous process of the emergence of complexity and order in nonlinear systems at the edge of chaos. The dissipations and emergences of complexity and order in nonlinear systems go on and on in this cosmos. “Every beginning is a beginning-again.”

There are rules governing the behavior of the system over a short range in space and time, therefore it is referred to as deterministic or predictable chaos. The challenge is to discover the rules and determine how they operate so that we might gain insight into the apparently chaotic behavior before us. Deterministic chaos should be distinguished from unpredictable chaos which refers to random fluctuation or background noise, often distractingly superimposed upon the bigger picture. This is often the case over long ranges and periods of time and cannot be predicted. It is not possible in human experience (Stacey, Douglas, & Shaw, 2002).

This theory suggests that the Earth has started from chaos and is continually improving, rather than slowly declining. It also is hard to believe that humans once were perfect but are not anymore. There is physical scientific evidence that humans have evolved from lower forms of life, rather than demoted from perfect beings.

Richard Swinburne argued that the design and precision of the universe cannot be explained by science, and can only be explained in terms of the purposes of an intelligent being: God. He argues; “Of course there is order in the world: if there were not order, humanity would not exist to discover it!”

Albert Einstein once said, "The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible." Nature is not confusing chaos, but an orderly place that our minds seem ideally suited to understand. Why does the universe obey the laws of nature? How are humans able to discover these regularities in natural phenomena? How is it that our universe can sustain life? The idea that so many questions about the universe can be explained with mathematics has plagued many and led to the formation of many ideas and theories. One such theory, the fine-tuning, or teleological, argument is one of the most powerful arguments for the existence of God.

In order to understand our place in the universe, we must understand the universe itself. Scientists, researchers, astronomers, cosmologists, physicists, amateur astronomers and a slew of other groups of individuals largely interested in the cosmos, help with discovering new and fascinating theories or proof of different phenomenon within the universe. Three scientific articles help readers to realize scientists are constantly deep in work to unravel the hidden truths. “Dark Matter in the Discovery Age”, “Why the Universe Had no Beginning”, and “What String Theory tells Us About the Universe” include theories vastly different from one another, but lead to the same conclusion; the universe’s creation.

In order to discover how the cosmos works, humanist believe that “observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against evidence has the best track record” (Fry, “That’s Humanism!”).

Furthermore, there are three main aspects which were customarily associated with a science: metaphysical, theoretical and methodological assumptions. Under metaphysical it is believed that to gain scientific status requires the certainty that the subject matter i.e. human thought/ behaviour, is similar to that of other accepted sciences. This could then be true for Psychology, as particularly since Darwin’s suggestion of a continuity between behaviours of humans and other species, behaviour has become more scrutinised. However, this must be assumed in respect of determinism, suggesting predictions could be made. ‘Heisenbergs uncertainty principle’ suggests that when relating evidence of indeterminism within the universe to human behaviour, it proves ambiguous, and with parts of the discipline believing strongly in free will it seems difficult to establish a common ground (Valentine E.R. page 2).

“Our real discoveries come from chaos, from going to the place that looks wrong and stupid and foolish.” ― Chuck Palahniuk, Invisible Monsters. chaos is an integral part of life, Generally, we are inclined to run when faced with chaos and pandemonium; establishing chaos as a force of wickedness and disruption. When in reality chaos doesn't always suggest evil. Indicate a bittersweet change or result in a positive advancement or discovery. In this paper I will be discussing the logic behind a seemingly senseless opinion; evolution is centered around Chaos, chaos propels movements and amazing discoveries, and the fact that we need chaos and suffering to become the best versions of ourselves.

Therefore, Eddington claims that the directionality of time is inherently within the human awareness. Human beings are essentially rational creatures who have an inborn need to make sense of the ever-increasing disorder in the world around them. We use the constant forward linear march of time to establish order in a disordered universe in which entropy continually increases.

To understand the heady topic of this paper, I have to simplify some very speculative scientific topics, especially the idea of the multiverse. The multiverse is a concept that has become

the paranormal with as much respect and analysis as physics or the chaos theory."13 The