Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann ( 1755-1843 )

Benjamin Franklin and John Winthrop—although having contrasting ideas of societal principles—both portray their visions and beliefs through their religious backings and their discussions and actions regarding charity. As Franklin aimed to portray and achieve a sense of individualism and self-discipline, and Winthrop worked to implicate a communal and interdependent society, both attempted to put these ideas into practice, ultimately reaching unexpected conclusions.

The fugue is often regarded as a genre defined by strict procedural guidelines. It is notable that three historically important composers, Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), Georg Friedrich Handel (1685-1759), and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), all employed a closely related fugue subject in three different works. An analysis of each of these works individually, and a comparison of these works collectively reveal numerous latent and salient features, and a reflection of the composers’ style within these works. Analyses also provide an outlook into the fluidity in certain aspects and rigidity in others of the form itself, reflected historically. The three composers analyzed fall closely together in history. J.S. Bach and G.F. Handel were contemporaries, whereas Mozart was born six years after Bach’s death and three years before Handel’s death. Analytically, the angularity of these similar fugue subjects presupposes a treatment regardless of the composer. Because of the shared intervallic content among the subjects of these fugues, despite being written by several different composers, a surprising number of similarities arise. Therefore, it is reasonable to assert that compositional choices made in the construction of the fugue subjects limit the number of results possible.

Patient care is ultimately inadequate if the patient’s goals and preferences have not been assessed. Therefore, it is crucial that the attending physicians have insight into the thoughts of the patient as they go from diagnosis, to treatment and then the likelihood of death when the patient is confronted with a devastating illness. The physician’s task for their chronically ill patient discussed in a class lecture noted the importance of American Psychiatrist George Engel’s Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness’s, a view that psychological and social factors influence biological

Isaac H. is a well-developed African American that experienced the Great Migration in his lifetime. Growing up poor, Isaac had nine siblings and family throughout the United States. Isaac’s Aunt specifically lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and invited Isaac to experience the north at an early age by working there during his summers.The Great Migration was a movement that changed Isaac H.’s life because his family moved to the north and created a foundation for him.This foundation, along with Isaac’s experience, was established by the Blacks who took a risk and moved to the North without a guarantee that there was anything for them .This risk was in the minds of almost 6 million African Americans and they all made a choice that resulted in

Benjamin Franklin and John Winthrop, men with different ideals, present the same notion that America should be presented as a “city upon a hill.” Franklin believed that the American dream should be presented as an ideal where men and women are equal and can both move up in social class on their own, practicing any religion they desired. On the other hand, Winthrop believed that the new world was a religious safe haven only for the Puritans. American Exceptionalism was overall the main focus, guiding America to define itself as a special nation founded upon democratic values and liberty.

Injuries to human body due to medication- or adverse drug events are inevitable” ( Chapter 4). This line written by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines, is a perfect example of the harm that is causing due to the prescription medicines. Stated in the quote, it explains how if one uses them correctly, then they will be fine and nothing negative shall happen to them from the medicine. However, some injuries do occur due to our human decisions and mistakes. The quote written is directly resembled by Friar Laurence in his opening soliloquy when he states, “ virtue itself turns into vice, being misapplied” (2.3.21).

Hahnemann in his writings of the “Organon” introduces the concept of predisposition and susceptibility of the patient to the morbific and medicinal agents.

There is evidence that suggests that taking medication to suppress natural bodily functions such as fever, low iron, pain, vomiting, and diarrhea can extend the length of an ailment, rather than cure the ailment faster. These observations are supported by Williams (1997). All of these processes have been developed for a purpose via evolution to deal with sickness; logically, stifling these processes will slow the recovery of the sick person. The practice of leaving bodily responses to illness untreated is very uncommon due to the lack of research on whether treatment of symptoms is helpful in treating the illness itself. Different circumstances call for different treatment of symptoms, but we will not know in which circumstances to avoid treatment if there is not more research on the

Heinrich Schliemann was born in Beubukow, Germany in 1822 and he died in 1890 at Naples, Italy. He received little education as a child, and first was enrolled at school at age 9. But he was later removed after his father could no longer afford payments, as he was accused of stealing church money. In the Christmas of 1829 Heinrich's father gave him a book entitled, an illustrated history of the world, by Ludwig Jerrer. These, along with other classical stories read to him by his father, especially Homer's Iliad, inspired him to one day uncover the city of Troy.

Although he is a worthy archaeologist who's findings are remarkable and have influenced the current society of today and the future generations, many suspicions arose by scholars and archaeologists of his time and of today about the accuracy and authenticity of his findings.

2. Heinrich Schliemann and Arthur Evans are iconic archaeologists who discovered ancient artifacts that contains knowledge about ancient civilizations. The archaeologists had same ambition to discover Mediterranean treasure, but they had different techniques of obtaining them resulting them to be distinctive towards scholars and how their actions made contribution to the archaeology. Heinrich Schliemann did successful obtain valuable artifacts but, he earned them recklessly where he demolished most of the surroundings from ancient ruins without considering to restore the historical remnants. According to Penelope J.E Davies’s “Schliemann’s excavation technique destructive and considered Schliemann himself little more than a treasure hunter.

demand that society leads us all to believe in our healthcare potential for curing oppose to attending to the needs of the sick individual. (Riggs, A. 2016).

Hippocrates denied the theory that supernatural forces had an influence on mental illness and instead created the theory of humourism. This was probably in the time period that medical scientists tried to explain everything through science and denied anything that had to with religion. Hippocrates’ humoral theory stated that the body had four humors or fluids: phlegm (water), blood, black bile (from kidneys and spleen), yellow bile (choler from the liver) (“Humorism”). It was believed that optimal health could be achieved if there was a balance in these humors and any disease the person had, either mentally or physically, was caused by the imbalance of these humors (“Humorism”). The humoral theory made sense theoretically because these fluids were essential to the human body in order for it to fully operate. In the fashion of treating mental illness gruesomely, the cure of the imbalance of the four humors was through the process of bloodletting. Bloodletting was the process of slicing and opening a vein with a lancet and allowing the blood to flow out into a bucket (Cohen). Bloodletting could also be considered the earliest form of donating blood albeit in a more painful

“The unexamined life is not worth living.” With these words, Socrates stated the creed of reflective men and women and set the task for ethics: to seek, with the help of reason, a consistent and defensible approach to life and its moral dilemmas (Walters 22). Ethical inquiry is important to us when we are unsure of the direction in which we are heading. “New philosophy calls all in doubt,” wrote John Donne in the wake of the Copernican Revolution and of Charles I’s violent death, suggesting that new thoughts had challenged old practices (Donne). Today, new practices in the biomedical sciences are challenging old thoughts: “New medicine calls all in doubt” (Walters 22).

Norman Cousins is renowned for his work as a journalist, peace advocate, editor, author and professor. He also developed an interest for medicine, but this interest was not nurtured by a traditional point of view, rather it had something of a holistic approach. The term has come to be used today for a specific type of medical initiative that requires a healing process not merely limited to the body, but also incorporating the mind, the spirit, and the overall emotions of human beings. Cousins would have known a few things about what it is like to be treated as a patient because he had been wrongfully diagnosed with tuberculosis and hospitalized in a sanatorium at the age eleven. In his old ages, he experienced illness symptoms that were diagnosed with