Chromatography of Commercial Analgesics

The goal of this experiment was to find out active chemical components in Anacin and Tylenol, using Thin Layer Chromatography technique. This technique uses the difference in the intermolecular forcer and polarity to separate mixtures. Comparing Rf values were then used to determine the active chemical components in the two analgesics. The overall result was that Acetaminophen exists in Tylenol and Acetylsalicylic Acid exists in Anacin.

Aspirin, Caffeine and Salicylamide were extracted from an over-the-counter pain reliever (BC Powder). These components were separated by manipulating their solubilities by adjusting the acidity and basicity of the solution. By doing this, the three components were forced into conjugate acid (or base) forms, causing selective solubility in either an aqueous or organic solvent. These layers were then separated by use of a separation funnel. Once separated, the components extracted were characterized by measuring the melting point and performing a TLC analysis. Also, the recovered aspirin from the first part of the experiment was recrystallized and compared to that of the

The purpose of this lab is to investigate the composition of a compound suspected to be Panacetin, a type of pain-killer. Panacetin is typically made up of sucrose, aspirin, and acetaminophen, but the third component in this experiment is unknown. The unknown component is suspected to be a chemical relative of acetaminophen, either acetanilide or phenacetin. Using techniques such as extraction, evaporation, and filtration, the three components will be isolated based on their solubilities and acid-base properties. Then, the percent composition of Panacetin can be deduced based on the masses of the three dried components. The

Pre-Lab: Analgesic drugs are known for reducing pain, while antiseptic drugs reduce symptoms such as fevers and swelling. However, some of these drugs can reduce both illnesses. To obtain a pure compound in these drugs, the scientist needs to separate the desired compound by taking advantage of the different physical and chemical properties. Such as; different boiling points, melting points and their solubility properties. To do this a chemist can also asses the differences between acidic and basic substances when they are added to water soluble mixtures. Within this current experiment I will asses the

0.1 gram of commercial aspirin was weighed in a tray and was then added to a second test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. This was repeated once more to validate results.

The last type of Aleve the investigator has decide to use in this investigation is Aleve Gelcaps. Aleve Gelcaps are a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and are used as a pain relievers and/or fever reducers. Other

AIM: To extract codeine and paracetamol from its tablet by solvent extraction and tentatively identify in comparison to standards using Thin Layer Chromatography.

Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the following analgesics: acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and ibuprofen. This analyzes is to be done using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Also, in this experiment we isolate β-carotene from spinach using column chromatography (CC). Chromatography is a separation technique. It separates a mixture in one state of matter by moving it through another substance in another state of matter (Woodford, 2016).

Analgesic dose titration is mandatory to optimise pain relief and reduce adverse drug reactions. Combination of analgesics having varied mechanisms of action is advocated for optimising analgesic therapy. Opioid analgesics are widely used but feretting out the appropriate dose , rout and agent is the crux in effect analgesic.

The problem proposed in the experiment is an unknown ingredient found in generic Panacetin tablets that must be discovered. Panacetin tablets are known to contain aspirin, acetaminophen, and sucrose; therefore, the tablets tested, containing aspirin and sucrose, are thought to contain an unknown of something similar to that of acetaminophen such as acetanilide or phenacetin. Another problem trying to be sought out in the experiments is whether or not the composition of Panacetin as stated on the label is accurate.

The lab we did utilizes the varying acidity, polarity, and solubility of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine to teach undergraduate organic chemistry students a variety of laboratory techniques. The purpose of this lab was to use the properties of the active components in Excedrin to learn and apply the techniques of acid-base extraction and Thin Layer Chromatography. Utilizing these techniques, we were able to separate the three components of Excedrin, confirm their identities, and check the purity of our products. The theory behind the acid-base extraction we conducted is to use the acidity level of each of the components of Excedrin to separate them without using the common separation method of temperature changes. Acid-base extraction is used to isolate compounds by using ionic salts like K2HPO4 and KOH to make the compound water soluble then adding an acid like HCl to protonate the compound and make our desired product precipitate out since it returns the component back to neutral.

The acetaminophen tablets from the Well at Walgreens brand showed a degradation of percent label claim of acetaminophen characterized by a R¬2 value of 0.4728 on a downward sloping treadline. The control percent label was found to be 105.3%. The percentages for weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 were as follows: 111.9%, 88.7%, 100.9%, and 88.2%. Therefore, the total degradation found in the group results is a loss of 17.3% label claim. No outliers were determined at this time. The reason for this large amount would have to be the experimental conditions (70 C°, 75% RH), as these conditions are well outside of the recommended conditions shown on the label (15 – 30 C°). These extreme conditions led to a decrease in the amount of active acetaminophen present

drug reference standard is a standardized substance which is used as a measurement base for similar substances. Where the exact active substances of a new drug are not known, a reference standard provides a calibrated level of biological effects against which new preparations of the drug can be compared. drug reference solutions and patient education materials put the best available information into the hands of clinicians and patients. They supply critical information regarding dosage, efficacy, interactivity and allergies, even suggesting alternate therapies as appropriate. Drug reference Standards are highly characterized physical specimens used in testing by pharmaceutical and related industries to help ensure the identity, strength, quality,

Usually, to obtain useful plates with most samples, the loop-dilution procedure will be conducted when doing pour plate method. This procedure is based on a roughly quantitative dilution of the original sample in agar medium.

All chemicals, solvents and standards (purity > 98%) used in the study were commercially obtained from (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and were of analytical grade without further purification. The positive standards, including glibenclamide (purity ≥ 99%) and tramadol hydrochloride (purity ≥ 99%) were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. The purity of the tested compound 3 was ca. 95%, HPLC.