Chronic Heart Failure Case Study

Heart Failure is a progressive heart disease when the muscle of the heart is weakened so that it cannot pump blood as it should; the blood backs up into the blood vessels around the lungs and the other parts of the body (NHS Choice, 2015). In heart failure, the heart is not able to maintain a normal range cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Kemp and Conte, 2012). Heart failure is a major worldwide public health problem, it is the end stage of heart disease and it could lead to high mortality. At present, heart failure is usually associated with old age, given the dramatic increase in the population of older people (ACCF/AHA, 2013). In the USA, there are about 5.7 million adults who have heart failure, about half of the people die within 5 years of diagnosis, and it costs the nation an estimated $30.7 billion each year (ACCF/AHA, 2013).

Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea,

Mountings of evidence exist on the benefits of physical activity and exercise for patients who have experienced a heart failure (HF) in recent years. HF occurs irrespective of age, therefore there will be no age categorisation within this report even though it is decidedly prevalent in older people, however, distinction will be made in relation to the group most likely to experience an event where pertinent. Owing to that, the intent of this report will be to asses the impact of physical activity and exercise on mortality and morbidity outcomes of those who have experience an event, as well as the advancement of quality taking into account the prognosis of the patients and their ability to undergo a particular exercise prescription.

During exercise there is an increase in cardiac output, which corresponds to an increase in maximal oxygen consumption. With the increase in oxygen consumption, a greater increase in blood flow occurs. This means there is more oxygen circulating in the blood for the tissues to take up. Due to the increase in blood flow, vasoconstriction of arterioles occurs to maintain mean arterial pressure (Bassett & Edward, 1997). This limits oxygen consumption because some of the blood flow is directed to the brain and skin. It is further pointed out that the heart is another limiting factor because it determines how much blood and oxygen are supplied to the muscles especially when blood flow exceeds maximal cardiac output (Bassett & Edward,

First of all, CHF patients have a low ejection fraction therefore their aerobic capacity is likely to be impaired. Therefore, a CHF patient entering an exercise program should start at a moderate-intensity level at 40-60% VO2max with a short duration and then gradually increase from there. Also monitoring vital signs is imperative with a CHF patient. Blood pressure, blood oxygen saturated levels, heart rate and blood pressure should be closely monitored especially when starting an exercise program. Other signs to look out for are increasing peripheral edema, chest pain, cough, dyspnea and fatigue. Positioning should also be considered for a CHF patient. The patient should be in a position to decrease venous return, so activity in the upright position is preferred over supine. Lastly, there are several medications that a CHF may be on that can cause several side

Heart failure HF is a condition involving the heart muscle that is unable to pump enough blood through the body to meet its oxygen needs. HF is associated with conditions such coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, anemia, infection, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, dysrhythmias, bacterial endocarditis, pulmonary diseases, Paget’s disease, nutritional deficiencies and hypervolemia. HF main characteristic is ventricular dysfunction, usually left-sided heart failure develops first causing intolerance to exercise, reduction of quality of life and short life expectancy (Lewis, 2014).

"Congestive Heart Failure is the Inability of the heart to maintain the demands of pumping blood with normal efficiency to other organs, such as the brain, liver, and kidneys" (Congestive heart failure, 2008). Without the heart carrying out its functions, all the organs in the body would be deprived of sufficient blood to do its work, the kidney will no longer filter its blood leading to fluid accumulation in areas such as the lungs, liver, legs, and surrounding eye, when this happens, it is called congestive heart failure. "Cardiomyopathy is a situation where there are changes in the heart muscle which prevent part or all the heart from contracting normally" ("Cardiomyopathy,” 2013). This situation could be acquired or inherited problem of the heart muscles resulting in thickness or expansion of the heart making it difficult to pump required blood that the body needed. In this paper, the writer would have the opportunity to discuss the best approach to care that Mr. P battling cardiomyopathy and CHF deserve, the treatment and education he needed that would help him, the method of education, and the teaching care plan.

Heart Failure is when the heart cannot move the right amount of blood throughout the body to meet the requirement. Heart failure entails four stages, A through D. Stage D Heart Failure is where a person’s symptoms are unmanageable. If someone with the following health problems: coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes, they are at risk for being diagnosed with Heart Failure. Currently, there is not a cure for this disease; however, there are several ways to manage it. Someone with this disease can get treated by taking medication, use of devices, or by surgical means. A trial that this paper will focus on is Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH), which

Other hemodynamic effects have also been reported with usage of ivabradine. In a study by Kurtoglu et al, ivabradine was seen to improve heart rate variability in non-ischemic patients with heart failure. (26). De Luca et al showed that addition of ivabradine to optimal medical therapy in patients with stable heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 50% and heart rate > 70 bpm, significantly improved physical performance by increasing exercise capacity (27). Another study in patients with stable ischemic heart failure, NYHA functional class II and LVEF ≤ 40%, confirmed these findings and additionally showed an improved gas exchange (with improvement

CHF is a common disease with 900,000 people living with it (NICE, 2011) and 68,000 new cases a year in the UK (Sutherland, 2010). CHF is a clinical condition that can result from any cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to deliver adequate cardiac output during exercise or rest (Wier et al, 2006). The most common causes of heart failure are coronary heart diseases, high blood pressure and diabetes. According to the New York Heart association scale (AHA, 2014) they can be classified in 4 types depending on the severity of the condition’s limitations and symptoms in relation to physical activity.

Diagnosed with Congestive cardiomyopathy implies that the patient’s heart muscle has been debilitated by ailment and cannot sufficiently pump blood through the heart, which can lead to heart failure (“Columbia University Medical Center”, 2016). In this case study, the current situation of a male patient Mr. P., who is 76 years old, and frequently hospitalized with CHF is given. The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach to care with treatment plan recommendation, provide education to both the patient and his family, and a teaching plan.

Because the strength of my heart was severely weakened, actions, like eating, and moving, were now done in extreme moderation to prevent faint-inducing heart palpitations. I knew exercising would alleviate my handicap, but my inability

CHF is prevalent in those who are 65 and older and the factors that contribute to heart failure in adults are ischemic and hypertensive heart disease. Aging is associated with impaired left ventricular filling that is due to changes in the myocardial relaxation. A progressive increase in systolic blood pressure with aging contributes to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and altered diastolic filling. Another reason for heart failure with aging is that the heart becomes stiffer and less compliant with age. Clinical manifestations of heart failure are nocturia, nocturnal incontinence, edema, impaired perfusion, and exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and impaired exercise intolerance. Diagnosis of CHF are based on history, physical examination, chest radiograph, and electrocardiographic findings. The treatments include Ace inhibitors, exercise programs, sodium restriction, and sometimes bed rest (Grossman & Porth, 2014). Room 582 is currently taking Lasix for his heart failure.

Different exercise modes may elicit varying physiological responses; therefor professionals aiming to augment their patient or athlete’s rehabilitation and training regimens should consider the latter (Barfield, Sherman and Michael, 2003). Different exercise modes target variable body segments, some being full-body and others targeting only the lower or upper body. Due to differing numbers of

Carry out an experiment to measure the heart rate and ventilation rate before, during and after moderate exercise.