Chronic Hepatitis C Case Study

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a disease of the blood, caused by a history of intravenous (IV) drug abuse, blood transfusions received that were infected with HCV prior to 1992 when screening started, healthcare workers suffering from a needle stick, and recipients of donor organs that tested positive for HCV (Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen, & Bucher, 2014). A challenge that I have encountered in the office with getting treatment started for a patient is that not everyone in the clinic understands the clinical documentation and tests needed to receive therapy approval. The result of decreased knowledge of HCV treatment is the patient having to return to the clinic two or three times to obtain all required clinical data, which is prolonging the start of treatment. The purpose of this paper is to improve patient satisfaction with their treatment of HCV. I began with my pre-assessment of the novice to expert nurses, by asking them 30 questions. In the assessment, it tested the current knowledge that each individual had on HCV. After obtaining the needed data to come up with a program for the clinic, I was amazed at the different answers. I will be discussing the educational needs for improvement of HCV screenings, listing the questions used in the interview, listing the staff and their titles, listing educational needs I found during my assessment, and discussing what my case study topic will entail.

This research paper is going to review today’s silent killer, the Hepatitis C virus. This paper will talk about the description of the disease, the signs and symptoms, the etiology and risk factors, diagnostic studies, treatments and prognosis of this disease. I had lived with this disease for over ten years before diagnosed so it is important to understand the signs and symptoms so the disease can be identified and a treatment plan can be identified as the sooner it is treated the more likely it will eradicate the disease.

Lab test results show a positive anti-HCV and confirm that Chad has Hepatitis C. The nurse explains to Chad that Hepatitis is liver disease with inflammation of the cells of the liver. Chad states "I can't have Hepatitis. I had all three of the vaccinations before I started working as a paramedic."

About 4.1 million people in Americans have the positive antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV), and about 75 percent have permeant infection. Additionally, most of the infections happened 20 to 40 years ago, before the finding of HCV. Hepatitis C increased from 7,000 to 13,000 deaths in 2005. Furthermore, HCV develops slowly which increases the risk of severe complications in the infected people. Identification, death, and treatment are predicted to affect 35,000 by 2030. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) used antiviral therapy with PEGylated in clinical trials (Kalichman, Washington, Kegler, Grebler, Kalichman, Cherry, & Eaton, 2015). The CDC recommends a HCV one time test for people born between 1945 and 1965. The objective of this study was to thoroughly evaluate the amount of substance abusers infected with hepatitis C in the United States. Additionally, to observe the treatment of HCV. Currently Medicaid and Medicare repayment standards for sofosbuvir were calculated in all states, including the District of Columbia. Medicaid and Medicare covered the drug based on the following conditions; liver disease stage, HIV, and drug use. Approximately 42 states reimbursed the following criteria up to 74 percent for the drug sofobuvir. About two-thirds of the United States restricted the treatment centered on prescriber type. About 88 percent included drug abuse in their sofosbuvir admissibility measures. Finally, 50 percent required a date of abstinence and 64 percent required

I am especially concern about the older population when it comes to Hep C. In the article it states that the population of people mostly affected by this virus is people born between the years 1945-1965 approximately 3.2 million. This includes my mother, my aunties, all of my client that I have worked with over the years and is still working with; the “baby boomers”. Signs and symptoms of the virus do not show up until weeks, sometimes months after being infected. Fever, feeling tired, poor appetite, nausea or vomiting, pain in your stomach, joint or muscle pain, is some of the symptoms manifested with this diagnosis. How can I protect myself when it is so easy to become infected from just a speck of blood being overlooked on a piece of clothing,

The topic I have chosen is could treating prisoners with Hepatitis C (HCV) be worth the price. I first heard about this topic on the www.npr.org. I chose this topic because I believe if there is a way to prevent the spread of this disease we should do it. As a parent I feel that we need to do something to prevent or at least decrease the chances of this disease from being spread. Our children are growing up in this society and we need to keep them safe. Penitentiaries in the United States are where this disease is spread most frequently. Prisons are not required to test inmates for Hepatitis C, so many prisoners do not even know they have the disease. While in prison they engage in many activities in which they can either contract or spread

wants to evaluated for hep C, was a IV drug use, multiful tatoos, and history of inprsionment. This is 32 year old white male. Patient is a resident at Aletheia House. Patient is a current smoker with 16 pack year history. Patient reports he had stoped using IV drugs on 6/26/2015 (second time clean, last was in 2011). Patient denies chest pain, SOB, N/V/D, or fever. Patient denies depressive moods. current pain 6/10.

Purpose: The purpose of the article was to address one of the interventions in Hepatitis C treatment and the temporal aspect of it in particular. The authors use a question to begin the article which makes it easy for the reader to find the purpose of the article and later the issue which would be preceding it. Within the purpose, the authors also identify their audience being the patients living with Hepatitis C virus, the insurance companies, and the health departments. Identifying the stakeholders is effective in targeting the message to the appropriate population and further adds clarity to the issue since it would be relatable to the authors of the article as well as their audience.

Hepatitis C typically has a slower and more insidious onset. The preicteric phase, the first of three phases, precedes jaundice that last from 1 - 21 days. When symptom do occur they can be so vague that people often don't realize what is truly going on. People actually may mistake these symptoms as a mild case of the influenza virus as the symptoms of this phase often mimic the symptoms of the flu. The interic phase is characterized by the onset of jaundice that last 2 - 4 weeks. Urine often becomes dark and stool may be a abnormally light color, this is cause by the absence of bile in the stool. Bile pigment deposits in the skin can cause pruritus to occur. The liver often becomes enlarged and tender. During the third phase, the posticteric

There are three general components in a diagnostic procedure 1) history, 2) physical examination, and 3) laboratory testing. When it comes to diagnosing one for hepatitis C, one’s doctor will first ask questions pertaining to one’s personal, family, and medical history such as symptoms experienced, general health, and lifestyle. This gives the doctor an insight to one’s personal history and lifestyle in order to determine whether one has or is at risk for hepatitis C infection.

Hepatitis C has been referred to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it usually progresses slowly over many years. Most people who are infected with hepatitis C are not aware of any noticeable symptoms for as long as one to two decades after they are infected. In fact, by the time symptoms appear, the virus has probably already begun to damage the liver. If the liver is injured and stops functioning, death will always be the outcome (Lieber). Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver transplants in the United States.

The mission of our company is to extend and enhance human life by providing the highest-quality pharmaceutical and related healthcare products. For the cure of Hepatitis C virus, we deal in MK-5172A it is the combination of MK-5172 and MK=8742. The conventional cure for HCV virus is compound therapy with ribavirin and pegylated interferon is given for diversifying periods according to genotype. The patients suffering from genotype 1 are treated with triple therapy (ribavirin and pegylated interferon with the addition of either telaprevir or boceprevir). MK-5172 and MK-8742 FDT is currently in phase III clinical trials comparing its effect on nursed virologic response 12 weeks after treatment against

The envelope proteins of HCV form a heterodimer which helps binding the hepatitis C virus to the receptors present on the hepatocytes membrane. The hepatocyte host proteins help binding of the envelope proteins. low density lipoprotein (LDL) glycosaminoglycan’s (GAGs), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptors are also involved in enhancing the binding of the HCV virus to the membrane. The virus is entered into the cytoplasm by endosome coated with clathrin.

Globally, an estimated 150 million people have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is the major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and one of the most common indications for liver transplantation (Simmonds, 2004).There is serious concern about the growing problem of the HIV and HCV prevalence in Africa, where the major route of transmission of HIV is through the sexual route. Co-infection with HCV and HIV is common due to shared routes of transmission – via blood and blood products and sharing of needles for injecting drugs. About 40 million people are estimated to be infected with HIV worldwide of which approximately 4-5 million are co-infected with HCV (Alter, 2006). Co-infection with HIV and HCV are common due to shared routes of transmission, however, there are differences in the ways that these viruses are transmitted in the developed and developing countries (Ocama and Seremba, 2011).

HCV infections are a major global health burden. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family where it forms the genus Hepacivirus. These viruses are enveloped and have a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. Initial attempts to infect cultured cell lines with HCV contained in serum of infected patients resulted in no virus replication or if any, very low and variable (4). In 2005, All 3 research teams, Charles Rice, Frank Chisari and Ralf Bartenschlager team, separately developed their cell culture systems for HCV based on 2 essential components: a virus genome that has robust and efficient replication in tissue culture, and cells that are permissive to infection and allow effective replication of the full virus life cycle.