Chronic Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis B is a genuine liver disease created by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For some individuals, hepatitis B contamination gets to be incessant, which means it keeps going over six months. Having unending hepatitis B builds your danger of creating liver disappointment, liver disease or cirrhosis which is a condition that causes lasting scarring of the liver. A great number of people contaminated with hepatitis B as grown-ups recuperate completely, regardless of the possibility that their signs and side effects are extreme. Babies and youngsters will probably build up a ceaseless hepatitis B contamination (MayoClinic).

Hepatitis B is a virus that has been on the rise recently that everyone needs to know about. Hepatitis B has many types of transmissions, that make it harmful for babies and young children, along with adults; everyone is at risk. Hepatitis (literally inflammation of the liver) comes in many forms A, B, C, and more, but today we will be focusing on Hepatitis B. Inflammation of the liver can cause liver damage or failure, leading to death, which is what makes Hepatitis B such a dangerous virus. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) enters the liver and attacks liver cells, leading to the liver becoming hardened over time due to it being constantly under attack by HBV, while a normal liver

Symptoms of Hepatitis B may include: Abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, and jaundice. The causes of these symptoms can include by: Sexual contact, sharing of needles, accidental needle sticks at hospitals, and from mother to their child (MayoClinic). The type of medication you will get will depend on how badly your live may be damaged. Hepatitis B treatment moves quite slowly. Antiviral treatment is available to anyone who has Hepatitis B. They will need lifelong monitoring to see if anything worse happens to the liver and if the infection progresses (sahealth). People with Hepatitis B need lots of bed rest and plenty of fluids. People with acute Hepatitis B do not require treatment at all just home remedies, on the other hand people with chronic Hepatitis B do require a lot of

In several clinical cohorts, it has been shown that chronic hepatitis C is a main leading cause of cirrhosis and HCC, which is the third cause of cancer deaths worldwide (EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines, 2011).

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus. The disease can be either acute or a chronic infection, which can be mild or a lifelong disease. This disease also is the major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The disease is slow moving and sometimes take up to thirty years to damage the liver. In the United States there are an estimated three to four million people with the disease and are not even aware. Approximately thirty percent of the individuals infected within six months have no symptoms and will not even be aware that they have the disease. In the remaining seventy percent infected the disease will become chronic. According to statics one hundred and seventy million people are chronically infected worldwide.

Cirrhosis is a condition of scarring of the liver which is caused when the liver has tried repairing itself following damage. This damage may come from a previous infection, such as from a form of hepatitis (usually hepatitis C) or damage done by the use of toxins, such as alcohol. Cirrhosis is irreversible but future damage can be slowed or prevented by treating the underlying cause.

infections. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. Acute Hepatitis C

Hepatitis is a disease associated with the inflammation of the liver. Most hepatitis infections are provoked by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) or the hepatitis B (HBV) to the lesser extent. These disorders develop slowly and the signs or symptoms are discontinuous.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by several different viruses. It can also be acute or chronic, depending on the particular virus and stage of the disease. The different types of hepatitis are hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis B- associated delta (HDV), hepatitis C (HCV) (Porth 2005). These viruses are capable of being transmitted in many different ways but each one will instigate a viral response and inflammation within the liver itself. HAV presents as an acute infection and does not become chronic (CDC 2011). HBV and HCV may begin as acute infections, but can remain in the body and result in a long-term chronic illness (CDC).

Hepatitis is the swelling and inflammation of the liver. It can be acute meaning lasting less than six months or it can be chronic last persisting longer than six months. Some of the symptoms of hepatitis is jaundice, which causes a yellowing of the skin and eyes, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low grade fever, headache. However, there are five hepatotropic viruses hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis D virus (HDV), hepatitis E virus (HEV).

　　Many people may not know they are infected since it can take years for symptoms to appear and the majority of signs and symptoms typically are related to other conditions such as stress or influenza. Fever, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, headaches, rashes, joint pain, dark urine, and

Adults are more likely to develop symptoms than children. For those who do get sick, symptoms usually develop within 1 to 4 months after exposure to the virus. The initial symptoms are often similar to the flu. Common symptoms of hepatitis B include: Appetite loss, Feeling tired, Nausea and/or vomiting, Itching all over the body, Pain over the location of the liver (on the right side of the abdomen, under the lower rib cage), Jaundice (a condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellow in color), Dark urine (the color of cola or tea), and Pale-colored stools (grayish or clay colored).

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (~55 to 65 nm), spherical enveloped virus that can cause major illness. Hepatitis C was discovered after the intense investigations between 1982 and 1988 in Chiron corporation. Michael Houghton discovered the non-A and non-B hepatitis by using the molecular approach. Hepatitis C affects liver caused by the hepatitis virus; the virus can cause acute and chronic hepatitis infection ranging from a mild illness to severity, lifelong illness. Mostly patients are affected with acute infection; however, chronic hepatitis is caused by liver cirrhosis a severe scarring which can lead to liver failure. HCV affects more than 185 million people worldwide. The rate of chronic hepatitis is affected by race, gender, and viral immune response. Depending on the certain region, hepatitis C infections can be concentrated in certain populations or in general populations. The HCV have high genetic diversity which is characterized by regional variation which makes treating the infection more challenging. Hepatitis patients are often prescribed ribavirin and interferon; but current research is developing new therapeutic drugs which will be less toxic and can be targeted to each genotype. This review will provide the historical, and scientific aspects of hepatitis C virus.

During the acute viral infection, the HCV alters the host’s defense and innate immunity triggering a non-specific immune response. The adaptive immune response plays a major role in establishing a persistent infection, which results in chronic HCV infection (Irshad el al., 2013). Fibrosis is the main complication of chronic HCV infection and is ultimately the culprit of HCV morbidity and morality (Irshad el al., 2013). Fibrosis progressin occurs as a direct result of chronic inflammation of the liver which is caused by chronic injury and destruction of the liver cells (Irshad el al., 2013). HCV eradication reserves the fibrotic state and according to recent studies suggest that cirrhosis may be reversed over time (Irshad el al., 2013). HCC is the ultimate complication of HCV infection aNd it occurs in 1-4% of HCV cirrhotic patients (Irshad el al., 2013). Cirrhosis is the main risk factor for HCC in addition to other exogenous factors such as alcohol consumption, viral co-infections, diabetes and obesity

Hepatitis C has been referred to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it usually progresses slowly over many years. Most people who are infected with hepatitis C are not aware of any noticeable symptoms for as long as one to two decades after they are infected. In fact, by the time symptoms appear, the virus has probably already begun to damage the liver. If the liver is injured and stops functioning, death will always be the outcome (Lieber). Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver transplants in the United States.