Chronic Illness Trajectory Model

Roberts' Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model consists of a biopsychosocial and lethality assessment, establishment of rapport, the identification of problem dimensions, dealing with feelings, exploring alternative coping methods, formulation of an action plan, and provision of a follow-up plan. The outcomes demonstrated in the two case studies are goal setting and goal attainment, the discovery of new coping skills, the implementation of an action plan, crisis stabilization and resolution, and reduction in psychological symptoms

A crisis can be defined as a turning point, our habitual strengths and coping mechanisms have been surpassed and a new approach has to be developed. According to Barnes (1984:115) “crisis intervention focuses on the reduction of anxiety in the client alongside the mobilisation of hope and the restoration of a sense of autonomy and control over the situation.

Crisis is a term defined as a disruption in an individual(s) or family's normal routine of functioning (DSHS, 2013). The main cause of a crisis can be very stressful and traumatic. Crisis for one individual may not be a crisis for another individual. According to DSHS, there are three elements that make up a crisis: a stressful situation, difficulty in coping, and the timing of the intervention (2013). Crisis can range from a minor event such as failing a class needed for graduation, to major life changes such as a death in the family or getting a divorce. Crisis intervention is a way to identify when an individual(s) is not coping properly. Everstine and Everstine describes crisis intervention as the “form of psychological help, that is focused on therapeutic contact, concentrated on the problem, that caused the crisis, limited in time, when the person is confronted with the crisis and has to solve it. That kind of help let us reduce the crisis response and minimize functional impairment” (2006).

Crisis Intervention Training came from the deadly results between law enforcement and mentally unstable individuals. This training gives them the tools to be able to identify people with various kinds of mental illness. These illnesses include but are not limited to anxiety disorder, mood

The ABC Model of Crisis Intervention and the ACT Model are very similar in in their technique to most efficiently and effectively treat individuals in the event of a crisis. The focus of the ABC model is to identify how the client perceives the precipitating event, alter those perceptions, and provide community referrals and other resources. The model is based on Jones’s ABC Method of Crisis Management: A- achieving rapport, B- boiling the problem down to the basics, and C- coping.

Care is ongoing and encompasses varying states of recuperation from diagnosis to treatment and promotion of health, recovery, or

Goal #: Continue in obtaining information about developed illness. This goal will be a short term to medium goal for the client to research information to become acknowledge about their illness. The client will continue as before to gain knowledge about illness, its symptoms, and treatments that are beneficial for the client's health. The information that is obtained by the client can be discussed in the presence of health care provider and/or clinician. A health care provider and/or clinician will also provide information to the client about the illness, symptoms, and treatments. The information is important to be told and know for the client's well being to maintain a healthy lifestyle before and after symptoms arise.

This can also be seen from a viewpoint of a nurse entering a clinical setting in which they possess little to no experience with that patient population. The second stage in this model is advanced beginner the nurse has begun to understand the basic concepts of the new clinical setting. In this stage the advanced beginner can adapt to situations by using past experience to apply to clinical situations.

This study was reviewed, and approved by the institutional review board. This used a functional assessment of the chronic illness therapy, which was abbreviated as, (FACIT). This is a measurement system, which consists of a collection of quality of life questions, concentrated in the management of different chronic illnesses. Patients registered, read, and agreed to the study, and grant permission to participate in the study on the website, www.facit.org. After participants met the criteria for the study, those completed a self-report of questions which had evaluated the fatigue and spiritual well-being of the patient. Within this prospective study, the patients were at one point screened during the time of the cancer being active treatment. (1.

This stage focuses on discussing symptoms, fitness and diet tracking of the patient. In this stage the patient should have knowledge about identifying symptoms of illnesses he is most susceptible to. Moreover, have knowledge about what preventive steps he needs to be taking. This stage is aligned with Meaningful Use Stage 1("HIMSS Patient Engagement Framework,").

Although not everyone that comes across a stressor in life will experience a crisis, some are unable to cope with the stressor in a healthy manner and eventually succumb to a crisis. If this person does not receive the adequate crisis intervention during this state, he or she is likely to be unable to function at the level he or she had been functioning before the crisis. This will inevitably lead to additional crisis scenarios for every stressor they must face in life. “This pattern can go on for many years until the person’s ego is completely drained of its capacity to deal with reality; often such people commit suicide, kill someone, or have a psychotic breakdown.” (Kanel, K. 2007).

Patient centered healthcare and self-management are founding principles of ”The patient participation in productive teams” project. The type of structural change, which the chronic care model suggests, calls for a close collaboration with the patients and their organizations. The development and establishing of new types of health services presumes patient involvement, and we hope through “Patient participation in Productive Teams” to provide essential information to the practice field at the same time as we deliver detailed information about the chronic care model to the patients’ organizations.

End of life care does not just begin at the end as the name suggests, but it is the care a person receives once they have accepted the prognosis of a rapidly approaching end. The elderly population with multiple comorbidities may be “living, and dying” at the same time. This was a new idea brought about by this very class; The patient may be living with one or more chronic illnesses and may require a lot of assistance and care for days, weeks, and sometimes even months leading up to their death. The continuity of care is even more pertinent at this late stage in life. Continuity of care is, at its most basic of definitions, the quality of care over time. Establishing continuity of care is based on promotion continuous, caring relationships between patients and healthcare providers. It also includes ensuring a safe, coordinated transition of patients between healthcare environments, either from

According to The Public Health Agency of Canada (2013), mental illness is described as a modification in an individual’s mood, behaviour, and thinking process which is associated with significant distress and impaired mental function. This paper will aim to discuss the information taken from two home visits and using it to determine its effect on the family as a unit. My single concept that is relevant to the family’s experience is the family’s bond throughout the clients challenge with bipolar disorder (BPD). In this case, the chronic disease known as bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depression) are known as mood swings that can last up to days, weeks, or even months. They are generally caused by environmental pressures that surround the individual on a daily basis such as family, work, and social environmental pressures, stress, injury, and/or illness (PHAC, 2009). When a family member is effected by any chronic illness, there is a great impact on the other members of the family. Chronic illnesses can have an extremely stressful effect on individuals that are trying to adapt to these changes, which can also shape the families’ way of coping with the situation as well (Dobbie & Mellor, 2008).

I agree with you that the chronic care model (CCM) provides a foundation that health care providers can utilize to educate and empower the patients with chronic conditions to self-management. As pointed out by Dancer and Courtney (2010), to improve the care and outcomes of the patients, it is very crucial for the APN to understand the CCM as well as how the evidence based interventions fit into this model. They should use their acquired skills to select a broad range of appropriate interventions that address all aspects of chronic care. The APNs should also take a leadership role in improving quality of care and implementing elements of the CCM in