Chronic Kidney Disease ( Ckd )

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide problem that is currently three times higher for African Americans, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, American Indians and seniors (The National Kidney Foundation, 2013). CKD occurs when the kidneys are damaged by a pathogen or injury and they can no longer adequately maintain proper levels of regulated chemicals in the bloodstream. There are many risk associated with CKD. According to the National Kidney Foundation, two of the major risks are Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) and Cardiovascular Disease. Currently twenty million American adults have CKD and millions of others are at increased risk. Age has no barrier on getting CKD. People with pre-existing health issues, and a part of certain population

Nutrition Intervention: It is crucial for Mrs. Joaquin to have the adequate amount of kcalories implemented into her diet because if energy needs are not met via dietary intake, then the body will start using "body protein" to meet its' energy

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder and occurs in the elderly population. In younger patients, it

There are many risk factors that one should take into consideration. Having high blood pressure, being inactive and overweight are both very high risk factors. If a family member has diabetes or if a person is African, American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino descent, they also have a greater risk of the disease.

Individuals are more likely to develop CVD if they have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, are obese, use tobacco, eat a poor diet, or are not physically active. Most clinical risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease can be modified by practicing healthy lifestyle and behavior choices (Yu, Rimm, Lu, Rexrode, Albert, Qi, Willet, Hu, & Manson 2016).

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disease that is described as a loss of kidney function gradually over time. As kidney function decreases, the waste collection in the body’s blood becomes high and makes the individual feel sick. This disease can lead to other complications in the body such as anemia, poor nutritional health, high blood pressure, and nerve damage. These complications will begin to progress and show as CKD progresses to advanced stages. Early detection of this disease is essential when it comes to treatment. If CKD is diagnosed early enough the disease progression can be slowed down and managed. This disease will eventually lead to failure of the kidneys

In order to deal with pain, many health care providers suggest taking over-the-counter medication like aspirin. High blood pressure is one of the most common symptoms in patients with PKD. Many patients have to make lifestyle changes and take various medications to lower blood pressure. Some lifestyle changes that may need to take place include a strict diet or an increase in exercise. About 50 percent of people with PKD experience kidney failure by the age of 60, and 70 percent will have kidney failure by age 70 (National Kidney Foundation, 2016). Although there is no way to reverse kidney failure, there are ways to prolong the life of the kidneys. Patients either need to receive dialysis or receive a kidney transplant. There are two types of dialysis. The first is hemodialysis. This is where a machine is used to filter toxins from the blood. The second is peritoneal dialysis. This is where the lining of the abdomen is used to filter blood from inside the body. A kidney transplant is when the unhealthy kidney is removed from the patient’s body and a healthy one is put in. The healthy kidney typically comes from a family member to reduce the risk of rejection (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney

The American Journal of Kidney Diseases published in 2001 the National Kidney Foundation clinical guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure patients as a way to improve palliative care and outcome quality. The American Journal of Kidney Foundation shed a light to what the new margins for evaluation, classification and stratification. It will also further explain the nutritional suggestions and requirements for adult and pediatric individuals, what do we know and where to go from there.

Chronic Kidney Disease affects more than 10% of adults in the United States, and more than 20 million individuals may have this illness (National Chronic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet, 2014). Moreover, there are 26 million Americans beyond 20 years old with this ailment, which incorporates more than 940,000 adults in Michigan (Kidney Disease, 2105). Notwithstanding this, a combined populace of more than 600 million individuals in developing countries that can’t manage the cost of renal replacement, subsequently causing over 1 million deaths for untreated kidney failure (Chronic Kidney Disease, 2015). Indeed, there are more than 80% of people receiving renal replacement therapy. Additionally, as assessed around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 4 women between the age of 65 and 74 and half of people over the age of 75 years old have Chronic Kidney Disease (Chronic Kidney Disease, 2015).

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is diagnosed in more than 10% of adults in the United States, which is more than 20 million people. CKD influences the care of people diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension, which are both prevalent diseases in the United States as well (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). This is significant because the most current research should be supporting these people in healthcare today. One such article, that was publish less than 5 years ago and reflects the most current and relevant research is written by Walker, Marshall, and Polaschek (2014). The authors intended audience includes colleagues in the field. This innovative research focuses on early detection and effective management in order to attempt to delay the progression of CKD (Walker, Marshall, & Polaschek, 2014). This research is relevant because it introduces a new intervention by using nephrology nurse practitioners in the primary care setting.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is among the leading causes of mortality throughout the world, and its prevalence and the health care costs resulting from it are considerable and increasing. CKD commonly is silent and asymptomatic until its late stages. Accordingly, CKD is diagnosed prior to symptomatic stage of kidney failure, resulting in delays in proper interventions and the emergence of adverse consequences in the CKD patients

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2010, 10% of adults in the United States have chronic kidney disease (CKD). That is estimated at about 20 million people. People with CKD may not feel any symptoms in the early stages, so treatment most likely has not been started. When a person often finds out they are in need of treatment, they may already be in kidney failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD). This paper will discuss the reimbursement mechanisms presented in the Sullivan article, the economics of providing ESRD treatment from the organization's point of view, patients options and potential trade-offs related to cost, quality, and access to

At the end of our 2 weeks of data gathering and completing the study, the group aims to accomplish the following:

Kidney failure is a public health problem, which has dramatic effects on patients' health. In some