Chronic Menorrhagia Case Studies

Anemia is a disorder of the blood. It occurs when your body does not produce enough erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). Without the erythrocytes oxygen can not be adequately delivered to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This will cause you to become weak and tired. A person may also experience headaches, skin pallor, and faintness. Your body may attempt to compensate for these symptoms by speeding up the heart rate and respiratory rate. This is the body’s attempt to return oxygen levels to normal(Thibodeau and Patton, 2005).

Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.

According to the information of Nikoleta’s case, Cooley’s anemia has features that the beta proteins of hemoglobin do not function properly. This is caused my mutations in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule. The symptoms of Cooley’s anemia matches the symptoms of Nikoleta. The main reason why giving a high iron formula did the opposite is that the constant buildup of iron causes the symptoms to grow worse, and can even result in heart failure in the future. Cooley’s anemia decrease the red blood cell’s ability to deliver oxygen to certain tissues. The number of red blood cells are high, however, the number of hemoglobin is very

An increased MVC is a sign of a macrocytic anemia and is typically caused by folate and B12 deficiency, liver disease, hemolytic anemias, hypothyroidism, and alcoholism (Medscape, 2015). The risk factors for this type of anemia are the lack of meat and dairy products in one?s diet, intestinal disease, lack of intrinsic factor (IF), medications such as antacids or particular diabetes type II meds, and having an endocrine-related autoimmune disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Her physical exam is negative, her asthma is well controlled, and she had no other complaints. Therefore, according to her physical exam, she appears to be a healthy young female. However, her lab values of Hemoglobin 10, Hematocrit 30.1, and an increased MCV are indicative of B-12 deficiency anemia. According to Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook (2013), mild cases of this type of anemia do not produce many symptoms, therefore, the complete blood count (CBC) usually verifies the diagnosis. The fact that she is vegetarian puts her at an increased risk for B12 deficiency, due to the lack of meat in her diet. Foods that contain B12 are only attained from animals such as meat, dairy, and fish. A deficiency from B12 from deficiency or malabsorption may not manifest for many years (Hunt, Harrington, & Robinson, 2014). The patient states that she does not drink

Hemochromatosis, also called iron overload, is a disease when the body absorbs too much iron from the food we eat and most often affects the liver, heart, pancreas, and skin. It is usually caused by genes in the body that mutate keeping them from working. Some signs and symptoms of this disease are weakness, joint pain, low libido, and/or if the disease has progressed to far diabetes or heart failure. Hemochromatosis is one of the more difficult diseases to diagnose because many symptoms are nonspecific and usually many people don’t show as many symptoms except elevated iron levels in their blood. Most will be treated with blood transfusions until the normal level of iron is reached. If diagnosed early the prognosis is excellent with possible checkups or phlebotomies.

Today it is now wide spread to about 400 million people, about 4% of the world population. It is mainly found in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean. It is affecting 1 in 10 African Americans in the United States. It is diagnosed through mainly drugs, such as Aspirin. It is treated through terminated drug use, transfusion, and medicine if infection follows. The disease had helped understand the cause of hemolytic anemia in people, and the cause of anemia in the first place. If the gene were suppressed, it can stop one from getting

This type of disorder generally impacts men more than women. The reason behind this is primarily because women experience monthly menstruation. If a woman is inflicted with this common illness, it will most likely display symptoms after menopause. With the patient suffering from iron overload, the intervention for this illness is focused on getting rid of extra iron build up, plus minimizing symptoms or complications caused by the disorder. Here is where Phlebotomy comes in, these blood technicians draw one-half liter of blood from Hemochromatosis patients every week for a stretch of 2 to 3 years until iron buildup has lessened.

In the beginning of every cross country season, my coach stressed the importance that all the female runners must take one iron pill a day. I never gave in to this because he never gave us an explanation, so I saw this as merely a mental booster rather than actual improvement present in my body. After doing some research, I found out that iron is an essential nutrient used by the human body for to transport oxygen and produce energy. Iron is present in every single cell of the body and carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissue in the form of hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-transport protein in red blood cells. Lack of iron results in both fatigue and weakness, which is definitely harmful to a cross country runner. Iron deficiency affects women about 8-10 times more than men, which is why it is crucial for women runners to watch their iron levels (Sinclair, Hinton). If iron deficiency worsens, it can lead to anemia. Anemia is when you do not have enough red blood cells, and as a result, less hemoglobin. If a cross country runner has anemia, it can affect their whole season because they are exerting energy without the sufficient amount of oxygen needed to complete each run or workout.

"The average age of diagnosis is age 60"[4]. In medicinal and family history doctor sometimes asks symptoms or sign for instance, if the patients have any stomach or intestinal surgeries, and have a digestive disorder, about medicine taking, or have family history of anemia or pernicious anemia. Moreover ,In bodily test doctor looks in pale or yellowish skin, heartbeats. Furthermore, there are a lot of tests and procedures aid to diagnose pernicious anemia. The first a test is complete blood counts used to diagnose kinds of anemia due to measure parts of blood, hemoglobin ,and red blood cells then if the result confirms that have anemia, so there are other blood tests to define which kind of anemia have. For example, A reticulocyte which is a test that counts red blood cells, and appears if the bone marrow is creating red blood cells correctly, but in pernicious anemia, the result is low then Serum folate and iron binding capacity exams are used to defined if patients have pernicious anemia or not. In addition, doctors advice another red blood tests to know vitamin B12 because if vitamin B12 is low, consider a sign of pernicious

Aplastic Anemia (AA) can be idiopathic (~70%), inherited (~15-20%) or acquired due to radiation, tablets, viruses or immune disturbances (~10-15%). Idiopathic and secondary AA is generally immune mediated through autoreactive lymphocytes intermediating damage of hematopoietic stem cells. The clinical course of AA is very different, some patients might have only mild symptoms, needed to be little or no therapy, while others with life-threatening

Ms. A. a 26-year-old white woman had been experiencing increased shortness of breath, low energy levels and these symptoms got worse during her menstruation periods. She had also been experiencing Menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal for the last 10-12 years. There is a possibility that Ms. A could be suffering from anemia. Moreover, on the day she was taken to the emergency clinic, she experienced light-headedness the attending physician’s notes indicated a temp of 98 degrees F, an elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure. According to a study done by Ilyas , et al. (2012 ), Iron deficiency (ID) is majorly responsible for the cause of nutritional anemia. Specifically Menorrhagia responsible for loss of more than 80 mL during the menstrual periods is the most common cause of anemia in young women. Consequently, anemia commonly causes reduction of oxygen movement in the blood, causing fatigue and a diminished physical capacity. In addition, even moderate anemia can bring about shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, lightheadedness as well headaches.

Thanks for sharing a comprehensive and informative facts. However, finding and treating the cause of the anemia should take precedence over any treatment therapy. For example; uterine fibroids in women causes heavy bleeding that might results in anemia, but replacing the blood loss without treating the uterine fibroids will be an ineffective management plan. Therefore, shrinking the fibroids with Lupron injection (probably with 6 doses) and surgically removing the fibroids is recommended. Lupron (leuprolide) is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist, and it reduces the production of estrogen and overstimulates the body’s production of certain hormones which causes a temporarily shut down of the affected hormone (Drugs.com).

Anemia is the medical condition that results from blood not carrying enough oxygen to the body through the blood. It is sometimes caused by a loss in the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. While nearly one in five seniors have anemia, the condition is the result of other medical issues and not age. The most common reason for anemia in seniors is a lack of Vitamin B12. Other reasons include a folate deficiency or gastrointestinal bleeding.

Anemia is when you have lower number of red blood cells. Anemia of Chronic Disease is a common cause of anemia of an underlying condition that is associated with different disorders or diseases. Anemia of chronic disease is mostly mild or moderate, but in some cases it can be severe in which causes serious complications. The underlying condition or illness can be like lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease cancer like lymphoma and Hodgkin disease. Also chronic infections like endocarditis, osteomyelitis, HIV/ADS, hepatitis B can cause Anemia of chronic disease. Anemia of chronic disease symptoms include like fatigue, feeling weak or tired, headache, paleness, shortness of breath…etc. Red blood cells count,

Yes, her diet could have caused her to be iron deficient, but there are numerous other possible causative agents. If her diet is to blame, then her diet would need to be adjusted – while respecting her religious beliefs. One could ask the patient if her diet could be altered to include the foods that she has omitted, as the Seventh-Day Adventist Church supports doing what’s best for one’s health, including eating red meats and such medical interventions as blood transfusions (James, 2005).