Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is a disease that depletes a person of air. This disease is the fourth top cause of death in the United States. COPD describes several lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory asthma, and other forms of bronchiectasis. There is no average case, as every case is different from the next. This disease is long term but treatable.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is progressively common amongst patients within the United States. The disease is more common in patients with a long smoking history. Inflammatory changes are largely responsible for the development and symptoms of COPD. COPD is typically managed according to classification of severity based on the GOLD guidelines. Anoro Ellipta is a new once daily FDA approved drug. It is a combination of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting b2-agonist that should be considered in the management of COPD. Efficacy studies have proved Anoro Eliipta in preventing COPD exacerbations and show it is well tolerated amongst patients.

Do you know what the third leading cause of death is among Americans? That’s right, it is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, which is an overall heading used to cover several conditions, all of which are characterized by blockage of air from the lungs, resulting in increasing breathlessness. The two main diseases that fall into this category are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. According to the American Lung Association, COPD affects the lives of more than 12 million adults in the United States. There is a large difference in the way an unaffected, healthy lung and a COPD stricken lung operates. Some people’s life styles and living environments put them at a higher risk for

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently defined as a progressive, but preventable and treatable disease that affects a person’s ability to breath. According to a recent statistical report done by Ford et al. (2013), the prevalence rate for COPD in the United States in 2011 was 13.7 million adults (Ford et al., 2013). The report stated that the majority of individuals diagnosed with COPD are over 45 years of age, with the highest number of individuals being 55-64 years of age. Furthermore, the authors found that women are more often diagnosed than men. In terms of prevalence based on race, the report indicated that non-Hispanic white individuals are more likely to be diagnosed with COPD than non-Hispanic African Americans or

There are many diseases that can affect the airway of a patient. The disease that is mostly seen in the airway is asthma. Asthma is one of the most common type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A COPD is a type of disease or disorder to which the airway is affected and causes breathing to be slowed or forced. It causes the airway to become inflamed, coughing up thick saliva and mucus and to be hypertensive (increased pressures in the blood vessels in the airway) due to any internal or external stimuli. Wheezing occurs during an asthma attack because of the closing of the airway which then causes the lungs to make a whistling sound when the patient is breathing out and can also be during breathing in too. The Patient doesn’t receive the necessary amount of oxygen which leads them to turn pale and blue.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) when coincided with each other. They share similar symptoms and signs, both having increased work of breathing and wheezing when minimal exercise is done. Swelling of the extremities due to the fluid overload on the body from the heart not being able to pump efficiently and back flowing blood into the lungs. Majority of people with COPD also tend to have CHF from the stress put upon the heart from the demand needed by the lungs. But there is help with managing them and helping cope with the disease process and allowing them to live a semi “normal” life.

As an individual grows older, the body will also undergo changes to its system. The effects of changes on the respiratory system can cause problems to develop more easily and be more difficult to manage. Some changes that occur over time are that the nose tissue has reduced support which causes symptoms that interfere with air passage and reduced secretions causing tickling of the throat and coughing. The trachea will stiffen causing more difficulty in the coughing process making the ability to expel lodged items less effectively. The lungs will become smaller; the recoil of the lungs is decrease forcing the body to use other muscles in order to maintain the proper amount of gas exchanges. The thorax and the diaphragm lose skeletal muscle strength causing a reduction in vital capacity and residual volume left in the lungs. Elderly are also more apt to getting respiratory infections because their immune and lymphatic systems also are undergoing changes as they age. All of these changes mentioned above not only impact just the respiratory system but they also force an individual to change their normal daily functions. An

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common types of lung disease that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. This abnormal lung inflammatory response is characterized by a persistent airflow obstruction, which is not fully reversible (Lee, Kim, & Tagmazyan, 2013). COPD is a major public health problem as it causes major disability, morbidity, and mortality. Moreover, economic consequences of COPD are substantial. In 2010, the estimated total societal cost of COPD attribution in the United State was $ 36 billion (Center for Disease Prevention and Control [CDC], 2015).

The lungs are very important for our bodies to oxygenate our blood by removing carbon dioxide and replace it with oxygen inhale and exhale process. Unfortunately, there are several diseases affecting our respiratory system. Some people do not notice that they have issues in their respiratory system when they have difficulty in breathing. They will think it is because they made a great effort. According to COPD Foundation, ‘Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis. This disease is characterized by increasing breathlessness.’[1] One of the most common types of COPD is emphysema. According to Cleveland Clinic, ‘Emphysema is most common in men between the ages of fifty and seventy.’[3] This essay will cover the characteristics of emphysema, the lifestyle and home remedies for patients who have emphysema, and how the patients can cope with emphysema.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. People often show symptoms of this disease during later stages and rarely in the early phase. Generally smoking and inhaling polluted air is the cause of COPD. It’s critical to detect the symptoms early in order to treat more effectively. Doctor will test for this disease by conducting a physical exam and perform laboratory tests. Spirometry is a test that uses to indicate the status of your lung’s expansion and contraction. You blow air into a tubing that attached to a machine, and it measures the amount of air you blow out and the rate that this is happening.

Over the years Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been a vastly under-identified and under-treated, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to undertake increased worldwide awareness concerning the disease. Thus the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was created in order to educate the world and set standardized practices.1,2 COPD is defined by the chronic obstruction of the airway relating to inflammatory diseases of the bronchial tubes. The restrictive airflow, while preventable and treatable, is often fast progressing and not completely reversible1. COPD includes diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway disease as all these conditions include a chronic narrowing of

“Teaching patients about promoting, maintaining, and restoring their health is a required nursing skill that most often results in a positive outcome, enhancing the patient 's quality of life” (Lewis et al., 2014, p.52). The intent of this analysis is to educate patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on means that can enhance their quality of life and avert the progression of their disease. More specifically, it will focus on the aspect of teaching Mrs. N, a patient, how to effectively handle certain symptoms experienced with techniques like pursed-lip breathing and also, to upsurge the client’s awareness on preventative measures to abate the possibility of acute exacerbations. Mrs. N is a 100-years-old woman of Canadian and Arabic background. In mid-September, she was rushed to the hospital after experiencing worsening dyspnea and a fever. The doctors deduced a diagnosis of pneumonia and therefore, she was transferred to the medical unit at the Lakeshore hospital in order to be treated with intravenous antibiotics. Mrs. N has a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, anemia, deep vein thrombosis and mixed dementia. Mrs. N is a retired widow with two daughters, who come and visit her on a daily basis at the hospital and encourage her to mobilize and eat because she has an extremely poor appetite on most days. She’s well cared for by a team of care workers in the nursing home where she lives and her daughters and

To sum up, emphysema is a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), which is a long-term disease used to describe lung diseases. Additionally, when patients have emphysema, they may suffer from chronic bronchitis. To determine whether or not a patient has emphysema, the doctors use the GOLD emphysema staging system. Emphysema devolves slowly over the years, and it has four stages which are mild emphysema, moderate emphysema, severe emphysema, and very severe emphysema. In addition, emphysema has two causes, which are inherited and the environmental. There causes affect the function of the lungs, which lead to other diseases; moreover, emphysema will affect a daily life of patient.

The respiratory system is a complex system that is very important and essential for human to live and the simple act of breathing it is usually taken for granted. However, for many people, respiratory diseases make this simple act difficult. According to Porth, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imply a group of respiratory disorders that are characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airway (Porth,2015). According to the CDC, in the United Stated smoking has been identified as the key factor in the development and progression of COPD (CDC, 2016). However, others factors are also responsible for the development of COPD such as exposure to air pollutants in

Currently the 4th leading cause of mortality worldwide, COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is reported to account for more than three million deaths per year 1 and is estimated to rank fifth in disease burden in 20202. The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines updated their definition of COPD in 2006 as “a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra-pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterised by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases”3.