Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )

R.W. appears with progressive difficulty getting his breath while doing simple tasks, and also having difficulty doing any manual work, complains of a cough, fatigue, and weight loss, and has been treated for three respiratory infections a year for the past 3 years. On physical examination, CNP notice clubbing of his fingers, use accessory muscles for respiration, wheezing in the lungs, and hyperresonance on percussion of the lungs, and also pulmonary function studies show an FEV1 of 58%. These all symptoms and history represented here most strongly indicate the probability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a respiratory disease categorized by chronic airway inflammation, a decrease in lung function over time, and gradual damage in quality of life (Booker, 2014).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, or COPD, is a relatively common chronic illness that is treatable, however there is currently has no cure. COPD is an illness that encompasses two major illnesses these illnesses are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both of these illnesses wreak havoc on the lungs of the affected person by causing mucus to build up in the bronchioles henceforth reducing the effectiveness of the alveoli which impairs gas exchange. According to the American Lung Association, “COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. More than 11 million people have been diagnosed with COPD, but an estimated 24 million may have the disease without even knowing it” (American Lung Association [ALA], n.d.). As this data from the American Lung Association shows, in the United States alone we may have a total of 35 million people (almost one tenth of the American population) living with COPD. QSEN, which stands for Quality and Safety Education for Nurses, has developed six competencies related to nursing care. These competencies are Patient-Centered Care, Teamwork and Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality Improvement, Safety, and Informatics. These aforementioned QSEN competencies break down how nurses should be treating patients and working with the health care team.

Have you ever known a person who smokes and has a hard time doing every day activities, due to difficulty of breath, or constantly coughing. He or she may have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD. COPD is a progressive and treatable lung disease that causes shortness of breath due to obstruction of air way (COPD, 2013). Progressive means that is gradually gets worse over time. It is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Causes,2014). Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, which causes mucus build up (Davis,2016). Emphysema is when the air sacs get enlarged (Smoking, 2016). Since the disease does not have a cure yet it is important to know pathology (path of disease), epidemiology (who is effected in a population), ethology (who is effected genetically), manifestation (symptoms), treatment, and outcome.

COPD is a disease that depletes a person of air. This disease is the fourth top cause of death in the United States. COPD describes several lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory asthma, and other forms of bronchiectasis. There is no average case, as every case is different from the next. This disease is long term but treatable.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to portray dynamic lung sicknesses including emphysema, constant bronchitis, unmanageable (non-reversible) asthma, and a few types of bronchiectasis. This malady is described by expanding shortness of breath (What is COPD?). Many individuals botch their expanded shortness of breath and hacking as an ordinary piece of maturing. In the early phases of the infection, you may not see the side effects (What is COPD?).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease better known as COPD is a term used to describe progressive lung diseases which includes the following: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis. Mainly caused from toxins in cigarette smoke. Other causes being air pollutants, chemicals fumes, and dust from work environments. COPD is the fourth most common cause of death in the United States. COPD has four stages of progression with no viable cure. The only relief persons who suffer from this condition is treatments to help manage the disease. Treatments used are determined by what stage you are in the progression of the disease.

Progressive, persistent airflow limitation and chronic airway inflammation are both characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A combination of diffuse small airway disease and destruction of lung parenchyma, also known as emphysema, are the results that cause persistent airflow limitation. Spirometry is used most often to diagnose. The ratios that are checked are forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. COPD is diagnosed in stages ranging from mild to very severe. The diagnosis is also based on age and sex of the patient. Age is a factor because due to the fact that as we age the FEV1/FVC declines. (European Lung White Book Chapter 13)

The client’s secondary diagnosis is community-acquired pneumonia. Typically, immune defense mechanisms, such as the secretion of alveolar macrophages and immunoglobulins A and G, protect the lower airway from infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia, invades the lungs. The organism triggers an inflammatory response, resulting in increased blood flow and vascular permeability. Neutrophil activation occurs, to surround the kill the invading organism. A combination of the offending organism, neutrophils and fluid from the surrounding blood vessels flood the alveoli, inhibiting normal oxygen transportation. This filling of the alveoli may lead to tachypnea, tachycardia and dyspnea. Further obstruction of airflow and an increased impairment of gas exchange occur as mucous production increases. When

For this discussion topic, I decided to talk about COPD. COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Some symptoms of COPD is coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, having to clear the throat due to excess mucus in the lungs and lack of energy. Test that could be done to help diagnosis COPD would be a pulmonary function test, chest x-ray, CT scan and arterial blood gas analysis. A pulmonary function test is the most common lung test. During this test, the patient will blow into a large tube connected to a spirometer. This machine measures how much air the lungs can hold and how fast the patient can blow out air. The chest x-ray can show emphysema, which is one of

COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is one of the most common lung diseases. Thousands of people are diagnosed every year, and it recently moved up to the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S., behind heart disease and cancer. This paper will discuss disease pathology, the most common and recently discovered diagnostic tests, as well as treatment options. It will also address end of life care.

I work as a respiratory therapist and treat patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is a leading cause associated with developing COPD. As a professional working in the healthcare field, I have been fortunate and educated about the dangers and consequences linked to cigarette smoking. I have treated and have experience with individuals who have smoked and developed COPD. Also, as an educator, I have tried to help individuals quit smoking to improve overall health. As an educator, I view smoking as an addiction to the drug nicotine and managing cravings will help individuals quit smoking.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is progressively common amongst patients within the United States. The disease is more common in patients with a long smoking history. Inflammatory changes are largely responsible for the development and symptoms of COPD. COPD is typically managed according to classification of severity based on the GOLD guidelines. Anoro Ellipta is a new once daily FDA approved drug. It is a combination of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting b2-agonist that should be considered in the management of COPD. Efficacy studies have proved Anoro Eliipta in preventing COPD exacerbations and show it is well tolerated amongst patients.

Although together chronic bronchitis and emphysema make up COPD and both affect respiratory system, these two diseases have different effects. Chronic bronchitis is a disease that irritates and makes the airways get inflamed. The body’s natural response to irritation in the airways is to produce more mucus. With the air ways inflamed and the excess mucus it becomes difficult to breath. On the other hand we have emphysema; emphysema affects the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli). The alveoli walls become damaged and can even be ruined; because of this many small alveoli reduce to big alveoli instead. This makes the gas exchange (oxygen into the body carbon-dioxide out) go down. Patients often suffer many symptoms before the visit a doctor and get a COPD diagnosis.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease in which less air can flow in and out of the lungs. COPD has two main causes; emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and most patients have elements of both and in some cases asthma. Emphysema is a disease in which the alveoli lose their elastic quality, and the walls between the alveoli are destroyed. In chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways becomes irritated and inflamed, which causes the lining to thicken and more mucus than usual forms in the airways, making it difficult to breath. Asthma is a disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.

"The common clinical features among the case-patients included a prodromial illness of fever, chills, and myalgia. The prodrome was followed by dyspnea, cough, throbocytopenia, severe hemodynamic instability, neutrophilid with immature forms, atypical lymphocytes, elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase. There was a high mortality rate, approximately eighty percent in the initial group of patients, the chest x-ray examinations revealed a diffuse, interstitial infiltrate that resembled that observed in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is a common pattern in patients