Chronic Pelvic Pain Essay

fat, specially if associated with cystitis that could be incorrectly identified as tumor invasion. Vascular hyperaemia adjacent to the tumor could cause these abnormal signals

During pregnancy, most women may experience overactive bladder or urinary incontinence. This can be mild or infrequent, while for others, it can be severe that can eventually affect their daily routine. This type of incontinence experienced during pregnancy is known as stress incontinence. It is the loss of urine due to increased pressure on the bladder, which makes the bladder sphincter unable to function properly when it comes to holding urine. Pregnancy hormones can also cause the pelvic muscles to relax for the anticipated delivery, which in turn affects the ability to control urine. These hormones also speeds up bloods’ filtration into the kidneys, resulting in accumulation of more fluid in the

Polycystic Ovarian syndrome was first characterized in the 1930’s and was called Stein Leventhal syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos) starts with the appearance of many painless cysts on the ovaries. In females with polycystic ovarian syndrome the ovaries are larger than that of a non polycystic ovarian syndrome female. Pcos has various signs and symptoms which all come from an imbalance of certain hormones affecting the female reproductive system. Doctors have done various tests and studies on polycystic ovarian syndrome some say that the syndrome comes from hormonal imbalances where as some state that this disorder comes from certain genes within the family tree, as well as environmental factors. Thus far there are no direct causes; the syndrome itself has various hormones that come into play.

There is one dream that every little girl has when growing up, that is becoming a mother; to love and watch her children grow. No one ever dreams of that not happening to them or being part of that group being label as infertile. It happens to millions of women living in the United States every day. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age, which is typically puberty to menopause. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not only affect a woman’s ovaries and chances of conceiving, but it affects the whole endocrine system in the body. It can cause Excess Androgen Production, Insulin Resistant, Obesity, Hirsute and Cardiovascular problems.

Women who suffer endometriosis often undergo conservative surgery such as a laparoscopy or laparotomy in an effort to remove the endometriosis without damaging normal tissue and the reproductive organs ( Hogg & Vyas, 2015.) A laparoscopy allows surgeons to examine the pelvis, abdomen and organs through a small incision usually near the navel ( The Royal Australian And New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006) In an effort to create more space to work in, the surgeon expand the abdomen cavity using carbon dioxide gas which is inserted through a needle. The needle is then replaced by the laparoscope for the doctor to examine the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and other organs (The Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006). Using the small incisions created in the patients’ abdomen, the doctor will insert surgical instruments and begin to cut and remove damaged tissue. Once the endometrial tissue is removed, the doctor will remove the instruments and put a single stich in the incision (The Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006) A successful laparoscopy manages chronic pelvic pain by delaying or stopping the progress of endometriosis (The Australian and New Zeeland College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006). Alternatively, the surgeon may decide to perform a

Chronic pain is a type of pain that lasts or recurs for at least six months. You may have chronic headaches, abdominal pain, or body pain. Chronic pain may be related to an illness, such as fibromyalgia or complex regional pain syndrome. Sometimes the cause of chronic pain is not known.

My diagnosis for Eleanor is pelvic floor dysfunction. The symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction are constipation, frequent urination, pain during urination, and lower back pain. Pelvic floor dysfunction is common in women. (Faubion et al., 2012). It may be caused by aging and childbirth. (Wang et al., 2012). Eleanor is an 88 year old woman. She is also a mother of two, which means that she has given birth at least once. These factors may have contributed to her condition. Eleanor has difficulties with constipation. She also has an increased urge to urinate and has minor problems in controlling her urinary process. She experiences pain when she urinates. Whenever she coughs, or carries anything, she cannot help but wet herself. She urinates as often as ten times in the day and five times at night. Lastly, Eleanor has chronic back pain that does not stop with over the counter pain medication. These symptoms show that Eleanor has pelvic floor dysfunction.

Chronic pain is often concurrent with depression and many agents used for the treatment of depression are CYP2D6 inhibitors which interfere with the metabolism and pharmacological action of tramadol, a common agent used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. The case reported is proposes caution should be taken in initiating or titrating tramadol in patients currently taking medications with strong CYP2D6 inhibition properties, especially in combination with other serotonergic agents. A 70-year-old female presented with signs and symptoms of mild serotonin toxicity resulting from an increased tramadol dose in concurrence with bupropion and sertraline therapy. The offending agents, tramadol and bupropion, were discontinued eliminating

In order to diagnose pelvic inflammatory disease, a physician will take a history and physical exam, perform a pelvic exam, and obtain cervical cultures, order a complete blood count and urine test. However, your doctor may recommend other diagnostic tests, such as pelvic ultrasound to obtain images of the your reproductive organs, and check for inflammation, endometrial biopsy to examine a piece of uterine lining, and laparoscopy in which the physician inserts a thin, lighted instrument through the abdomen examine the pelvic organs for abscesses (Mayo Clinic staff, 2009). If a physician suspects the patient has PID, the patient will be treated with antibiotics, and pain medication. Also, it is recommended that the patient get bed rest and avoid sexual activity until the infection has cleared. In some cases, surgery may be required to drain abscess. However, for severe infections other procedures may be performed such as surgical removal of the injured ovaries, fallopian tubes or any scar tissue

Endometriosis is a condition in which pieces of the tissue similar to the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus, grow in other parts of the body. Just as the uterine lining sheds in response to monthly normal cycles, so does this misplaced tissue. Since there is no outlet for the blood which is discarded from the tissue buildup, it just falls onto surrounding organs causing swelling and inflammation. Due to this repeated abnormal cycle of events, scar tissue and adhesions develop in the area of the endometrial implanted tissue.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is the main cause of disability globally. The function of musculoskeletal system is to support the stability and movement of the body. This system is made up of bones, muscles, tendons, fluid between joints blood vessels and nerves. When these structures function normally they do not result into illness. When these structures are overworked by exertion, extreme force and repetitive movement without rest over a prolonged period, they produce pain and aches. There are many studies conducted on chronic musculoskeletal pain((1).

Back in the 1990s, doctors were persuaded to treat pain as a serious medical issue. There's a good reason for that: About one in three Americans suffer from chronic pain, according to a 2011 report from the Institute of Medicine. Pharmaceutical companies took advantage of this concern. Through a big marketing campaign, they got doctors to prescribe products like OxyContin and Percocet in droves — even though the evidence for opioids treating long-term, chronic pain is fairly weak, despite their effectiveness for acute, short-term pain. Painkillers proliferated, landing in the hands of not just patients but also teens rummaging through their parents’ medicine cabinets, other family members and friends of patients, and the black market. Seeing

Endometriosis is a painful, yet should never be minimized. Is it usual that a teenager or women are able to experience cramps and discomfort during menstrual periods? “Yes”, however, when the cramps, increase with horrible pain, the bleeding does not stop after the menstrual period; it is a cause for a parent or woman to worry. The pain is unbelievable, it makes you sweat and many women who experience these would eventually get help and they discover that they have endometriosis. My story will be discussed as well as knowing about endometriosis. Endometriosis is a painful, powerful nasty disease in which the uterine lining moves outside the womb and grows in parts of the body.

Pain may be intermittent or constant and may be associated with a change in bowel habits.

Abdominal pain and cramps are common complaints during period cycles when the uterine wall is shedding itself. During periods, the endometrium produces prostaglandin, a hormone that induces inflammation and pain. However, severely debilitating pain in the lower abdominal region and pelvic area that affects your ability to carry out daily activities in a major way can be indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is an inflammatory disorder in which the uterine tissue, that is typically supposed to grow and stay inside the uterus, grows outside the uterus. This tissue also forms the uterine