Chronic Sinusitis (OSA)

Thesis: Sleep Apnea is becoming more of a dangerous disease that more people are starting to be diagnosed with. It is extremely important that Sleep Apnea is emphasized so that more people are aware of it.

The consequences of undiagnosed and untreated OSA are medically serious and economically costly. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered the gold standard of treatment for OSA along with lifestyle modifications. With CPAP use, patients can reduce their healthcare utilization and save money by reducing the impact of OSA symptoms, comorbidities, and motor vehicle accidents. Direct costs associated with comorbidities include increased medical expenses, emergency room visits, hospital inpatient visits, medication use, and mortality rates (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2016).

Sleep apnea is a common sleeping disorder where a person has experiences of not breathing during sleep. Over 20 million Americans, mostly overweight men, suffer from sleep apnea. Despite these numbers, sleep apnea is often not treated directly because its symptoms are thought to be those of depression, stress, or just loud snoring. There may be a genetic component to this disorder as it often occurs within families.People with sleep apnea stop breathing for at least 10 seconds at a time; these short stops in breathing can happen up to 400 times every night.

The population who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often experience daytime drowsiness and are at risk for ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other vascular related problems (Hsu et al., 2007). There are several treatment options for people with OSA, which are weight loss, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental appliances, and surgical procedure. This study evaluates patients who have

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder whose prevalence is linked to an epidemic of obesity in our country. Sleep apnea is due to recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep that are caused by elevations in upper airway collapsibility during sleep. OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete airway obstruction resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or a respiratory arousal.

This relaxation goes even further when the soft palate muscles and uvula (fleshy tissue) sag over the airway as well, creating the "labored and noisy" (Sleep Apnea) so readily associated with the condition. It is important for the student to know that there are times when this blockage causes breathing to stop entirely. Interestingly, those who suffer with sleep apnea do not realize it, inasmuch as another person typically hears the startling noises and suggests that there is a problem. The sufferer may display frequent episodes of falling asleep on the job, giving work associates the clue, as well. "People with sleep apnea usually aren't even aware they have a problem and may not believe it when told" (Sleep Apnea). Inasmuch as sleep apnea is potentially life threatening, it is imperative that the sufferer seeks immediate diagnosis and treatment. Early recognition and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is a critical step not only in getting a more restful night's sleep, but also in avoiding the potential complications of irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke. Sleep apnea is more prevalent in men and young African-Americans; however, it has been diagnosed during all life stages. It is important for the student to know that attaining proper diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea includes consultation with a primary care physician, pulmonologist, neurologist

Nasal congestion: colds and allergies often create an excessive level of mucus which can block air passage and increase sleep apnea symptoms.

Obstructive sleep apnea remains the most common and occurs when the throat muscles relax when a person sleeps. These muscles support the structures of the mouth, such as the tonsils and soft palate. When they relax, the airway closes down, temporarily halting the passing of air. When the brain realizes this is occurring, it wakes the person up to allow the airway to reopen. Most individuals don't fully wake up when this happen, and the person may actually snort when the airway reopens. This can occur hundreds of times throughout the night.

It begins with a small motor that provides forced humidified air down a small tube. There is next a long sealed flexible tube that is connected from the motor to the actual CPAP mask. The CPAP mask is a mask that either fits just over the patients nose or completely over the patients mouth. It has a strong but flexible strap that fits around the back of the patients head to keep the mask firmly placed over the patient’s nose of mouth. The mask lastly has a soft self-sealing rim around the edge of the mask to provide a form fit on the patient’s mouth or nose. Overall it is a simple design that has such a huge health impact on a large population of

Sleep apnea is characterized in a similar manner to hypopnea, a lack of airflow and oxygen levels at night whilst sleeping. However there are some key differences. Sleep hypopnea is a part of the obstructive sleep apnea family, and therefore has to deal with any obstructions that occur in the airways whilst sleeping (Phillips, 2015). Central sleep apnea, is another type of sleep apnea that can occur in people. This apnea is very different from obstructive sleep apnea. This apnea is caused because the brain temporarily fails to signal to the muscles that are in charge of controlled breathing. Obstructive sleep apnea is referred to as a mechanical problem, whereas central sleep apnea is referred to as a communication problem (Phillips, 2015). Central sleep apnea is much less common than obstructive sleep apnea and it can be caused by medical conditions that affect the brainstem. The symptoms of central sleep apnea are very similar to obstructive sleep apnea: stopping breathing or irregular breathing during sleep, shortness of breath leading to awakenings, chronic fatigue, excessive daytime drowsiness, morning headaches, poor/restless sleep, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, and snoring (Phillips, 2015). The treatment for central sleep apnea is by using a CPAP machine or a BPAP machine (which is very similar to a CPAP), certain medications have also been known to help stimulate proper breathing whilst sleeping (Phillips, 2015). Finally, the last kind of sleep apnea that can occur is complex sleep apnea. This type of sleep apnea is a mixture of obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. Essentially, this type of apnea occurs because of slight obstruction and the brain failing to properly inform the muscles to breathe (Phillip, 2015). BPAP machines and Adaptive servo ventilators “have shown successful use as the machines are capable of performing a

I am writing this statement because I have been diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Before, I entered the military I never had problems with sleeping, breathing, headaches, or snoring. I didn’t realize that I snored until I started dating my wife in 1999. She told me that I snored. I was in denial. She asked my mother did I snore when i was younger, my mother told her I never snored. I believe I started snoring during my 13th month tour in Korea were the air was so polluted and as I got older my snoring became worst. I am afraid to sleep because I choke in my sleep. Every morning I get up I have headaches. I complained to Dr. Harbin that I have headaches every morning I get up. He requested that I have a sleep apnea test performed.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is a common comorbidity that can have detrimental results on patient safety in the perioperative phase. Symptoms of OSA include daytime somnolence, loud snoring, and irritability. Obesity and anatomic abnormalities are considered risk factors of this sleep disorder. (Brousseau, Dobson, & Milne, 2014). OSA is characterized by periods of apnea during sleep which are caused by obstruction of the upper airway. The obstruction can be partial or complete and places a patient at a high risk for complications in conjunction with general anesthesia. OSA occurs in 28% of women and 38% of men and the rate increases with a BMI > 40. (AORN, 2014). Currently, with the exception of patients

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that involves the cessation of breathing during sleep due to a collapse in the upper airway. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the most common form of treatment for patients diagnosed with OSA by reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. Although CPAP is the main treatment for sleep apnea, poor adherence is a major problem that affects the effectiveness of the treatment (Soudorn, C., Muntham, D., Reutrakul, S., & Chirakalwasan, N., 2016). Many patients experience discomfort, such as dry nose, mouth, or throat, while using CPAP and may hinder the daily use of the prescribed

Sample size: To observe a pressure difference of ± 2 cm WC for the observed mean oropharyngeal pressure during sleep, we required a sample size of 12 readings in each group for a two sided significance with a power of 80% and a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. Sample size was calculated based on the study by De Paoli et al10.

However, obstructive sleep apnea is just the opposite in which, it affects around two to four percent of kids’. The results of sleep